The contribution of chemical bonding to the short- and long-term enamel bond strengths

Mini-interfacial fracture toughness as a new validated enamel-bonding effectiveness test

“…Modern SE adhesives were documented to benefit also from additional chemical interaction of the functional monomer with hydroxyapatite. Despite the proven chemical interaction potential of the functional monomer MDP with HAp (Yoshida et al, 2004;Yoshihara et al, 2010Yoshihara et al, , 2011Yoshihara et al, , 2013Zhang et al, 2013), the SE bonding protocol appeared insufficient to reach a mini-iFT at enamel in line with that achieved with an E&R bonding protocol. The three most plausible reasons are: (1) the enamel bond depends largely on micro-mechanical interlocking in deep etch pits created by phosphoric-acid etching, while the etching capacity of functional monomers like MDP is insufficient to achieve adequate micro-retention at enamel; (2) MDP appears less capable of reaching/interacting with Ca within enamel HAp that has a higher crystallinity and is less crisscross oriented than dentinal HAp; at enamel, despite its higher mineral content, less MDP-Ca salt is produced than at dentin Yokota and Nishiyama, 2015); (3) the mild self-etch bonding is compromised by the enamel-smear complex, the latter being effectively removed by phosphoricacid etching and thus not interfering with bonding in case the more surface-aggressive E&R approach is applied .…”

A new universal simplified adhesive: 36-Month randomized double-blind clinical trial

“…66,67 On enamel, chemical bonding of 10-MDP around the enamel crystallites of etched enamel substrate could significantly increase the short-and long-term enamel bond strengths which might even surpass those of the etch-and-rinse adhesive alone. 68 It has been known that the molecule 10-MDP, which is one of the components of SU, bonds chemically to hydroxyapatite forming hydrolytically stable calcium salts 69 in the form of 'nano-layering' on hydroxyapatite. 70 SU bonds chemically to hydroxyapatite in dentin and enamel through chemical bonding between the R-PO 4 3-radical in the 10-MDP phosphate group and Ca 2+ in hydroxyapatite.…”

Bone‐Adhesive Materials: Clinical Requirements, Mechanisms of Action, and Future Perspective

“…This monomer is used extensively in dentistry as bonding agent, resin cement, dental adhesive, and dental adhesive primer. It forms a very stable and strong bond with enamel and dentine . MDP is a hydrophilic phosphate‐containing monomer that increases resin diffusion and adhesion by causing acidic decalcification of teeth acting as a self‐etching primer .…”