The contribution of explosive volcanism to global atmospheric sulphur dioxide concentrations

Bluth, G. J.; Schnetzler, C. C.; Krueger, Arlin J.; Walter, L. S.

doi:10.1038/366327a0

Cited by 204 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…If we consider only the correlations between estimated sulphur yield and eruption magnitude for known events, for different ice cores (three such calibrations are shown in Figure 3), then the estimated sulphur yields of the mystery eruption correspond to total erupted masses in the range of ∼5 × 10 14 -2 × 10 15 kg. The dense rock equivalent (DRE) volume (at 2500 kg m −3 ) corresponding to this range is 200-800 km 3 , which coincides with the 'super-eruption' class (the term super-eruption is not well defined in the literature, but it has been (Bluth et al, 1993(Bluth et al, , 1997, diverse petrologically based estimates (Devine et al, 1984;Scaillet et al, 1998;Wallace, 2001), and calibrations of sulphate anomalies in Arctic and Antarctic cores (Hammer et al, 1980;Legrand and Delmas, 1987;Langway et al, 1988;Clausen and Hammer, 1988;Delmas et al, 1992;Zielinski, 1995;Clausen et al, 1997;de Silva and Zielinski, 1998;Oppenheimer, 2002). Eruption magnitudes are mostly taken from Carey and Sigurdsson (1989).…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Mystery Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice core and palaeoclimatic evidence for the timing and nature of the great mid‐13th century volcanic eruption

Oppenheimer

2003

Intl Journal of Climatology

103

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Ice cores from both the Arctic and Antarctic record a massive volcanic eruption in around AD 1258. The inter-hemispheric transport of ash and sulphate aerosol suggests a low-latitude explosive eruption, but the volcano responsible is not known. This is remarkable given estimates of the magnitude of the event, which range up to 5 × 10 14 -2 × 10 15 kg (∼200-800 km 3 of dense magma), which would make this the largest eruption of the historic period, and one of the very largest of the Holocene. The associated collapse caldera could have had a diameter up to 10-30 km. Palaeoclimate reconstructions indicate very cold austral and boreal summers in AD 1257-59, consistent with known patterns of continental summer cooling following tropical, sulphur-rich explosive eruptions. This suggests an eruption in AD 1257, producing a stronger climate forcing than hitherto recognized.

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Section: Characteristics Of the Mystery Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice core and palaeoclimatic evidence for the timing and nature of the great mid‐13th century volcanic eruption

Oppenheimer

2003

Intl Journal of Climatology

103

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“…It was soon recognized that this corresponded to absorption of ultraviolet (UV) radiation by volcanic SO 2 (Krueger 1983), and satellite sensors have been used for volcanic plume monitoring ever since (e.g. Bluth et al 1993). However, in view of the inferior spatial and temporal resolution of these instruments, and their higher detection limits relative to ground-based remote sensing devices, they are of limited value in eruption monitoring at present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcano remote sensing with ground-based spectroscopy

McGonigle

2005

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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ReuseUnless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version -refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher's website. TakedownIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. The chemical compositions and emission rates of volcanic gases carry important information about underground magmatic and hydrothermal conditions, with application in eruption forecasting. Volcanic plumes are also studied because of their impacts upon the atmosphere, climate and human health. Remote sensing techniques are being increasingly used in this field because they provide real-time data and can be applied at safe distances from the target, even throughout violent eruptive episodes. However, notwithstanding the many scientific insights into volcanic behaviour already achieved with these approaches, technological limitations have placed firm restrictions upon the utility of the acquired data. For instance, volcanic SO 2 emission rate measurements are typically inaccurate (errors can be greater than 100%) and have poor time resolution (ca once per week). Volcanic gas geochemistry is currently being revolutionized by the recent implementation of a new generation of remote sensing tools, which are overcoming the above limitations and are providing degassing data of unprecedented quality. In this article, I review this field at this exciting point of transition, covering the techniques used and the insights thereby obtained, and I speculate upon the breakthroughs that are now tantalizingly close.

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“…7) has been made (Herman et al 2018) with the assimilated ozone product from the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), based on Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and total column ozone from the OMI. All of the structures in the EPIC ozone retrieval are present in the MERRA-2 (Bluth et al 1993(Bluth et al , 1997Carn et al 2003Carn et al , 2015Carn et al , 2016Carn and Krotkov 2016;Guo et al 2004;Krotkov et al 1999a,b;Krueger 1983;Krueger et al 1995Krueger et al , 2000Li et al 2017;Pavolonis et al 2013;Prata 1989;Prata and Kerkmann 2007;Prata et al 2003Realmuto 2000;Wen and Rose 1994 (Prata 1989;Realmuto 2000;Ackerman et al 2008;Pavolonis et al 2013). DSCOVR EPIC provides the first opportunity to observe transient volcanic clouds globally from L1.…”

Section: Products Epic Ozone and Lambert Equivalent Reflectivity Retmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earth Observations from DSCOVR EPIC Instrument

Marshak

Herman

Szabo

et al. 2018

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

144

140

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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) spacecraft was launched on 11 February 2015 and in June 2015 achieved its orbit at the first Lagrange point (L1), 1.5 million km from Earth toward the sun. There are two National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth-observing instruments on board: the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Advanced Radiometer (NISTAR). The purpose of this paper is to describe various capabilities of the DSCOVR EPIC instrument. EPIC views the entire sunlit Earth from sunrise to sunset at the backscattering direction (scattering angles between 168.5° and 175.5°) with 10 narrowband filters: 317, 325, 340, 388, 443, 552, 680, 688, 764, and 779 nm. We discuss a number of preprocessing steps necessary for EPIC calibration including the geolocation algorithm and the radiometric calibration for each wavelength channel in terms of EPIC counts per second for conversion to reflectance units. The principal EPIC products are total ozone (O3) amount, scene reflectivity, erythemal irradiance, ultraviolet (UV) aerosol properties, sulfur dioxide (SO2) for volcanic eruptions, surface spectral reflectance, vegetation properties, and cloud products including cloud height. Finally, we describe the observation of horizontally oriented ice crystals in clouds and the unexpected use of the O2 B-band absorption for vegetation properties.

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The contribution of explosive volcanism to global atmospheric sulphur dioxide concentrations

Cited by 204 publications

References 17 publications

Ice core and palaeoclimatic evidence for the timing and nature of the great mid‐13th century volcanic eruption

Ice core and palaeoclimatic evidence for the timing and nature of the great mid‐13th century volcanic eruption

Volcano remote sensing with ground-based spectroscopy

Earth Observations from DSCOVR EPIC Instrument

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