The contribution of field tests to measles surveillance and control: A review of available methods

Cutts, Felicity; Brown, David

doi:10.1002/rmv.1980050105

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Since the estimate of vaccine efficacy relied on mothers' ability to diagnose measles, false positive diagnoses would lower the observed efficacy [7]. Other studies have shown varying specificity of diagnosis, but the use of a clinical case definition, relatively short recall period, and the occurrence of an outbreak should have reduced, though not eliminated, the likelihood of misclassification [8]. Low vaccine efficacy may have contributed to this outbreak, but the major problem was failure to vaccinate rather than vaccine failure.…”

Section: Case Fatalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Priorities in global measles control: report of an outbreak in N'Djamena, Chad

Ndikuyeze¹,

Cook

Cutts

et al. 1995

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYIn N'Djamena, capital of Chad, measles vaccination coverage of 12-23-monthold children fell from 61 % in 1990 to 15% in 1993. A community survey of measles after an outbreak in 1993 showed that among children < 5 years of age, the mean monthly attack rate was 37 per 1000 (95 % CI, 32-43) and the mean case fatality rate was 74%. Measles incidence was highest (77/1000/month) in children aged 9-11 months and fell among children > 3 years of age. Incidence rates were high (56/1000/month) among 6-8-month-old children, but only 3 deaths occurred in this age group. Measles vaccine efficacy, estimated by comparing attack rates in unvaccinated and vaccinated children, was 71 % (95 % CI, 59-80 %

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Section: Case Fatalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Priorities in global measles control: report of an outbreak in N'Djamena, Chad

Ndikuyeze¹,

Cook

Cutts

et al. 1995

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…It is important to fully understand the performance characteristics of measles IgM EIAs for measles laboratory surveillance, particularly in the elimination phase, when incidence is low, resulting in decreased positive predictive values (PPVs) for a test (4). In this study, we evaluated the Measles-IgM Comfort EIA -capture (Meddens Diagnostics BV, Vorden, The Netherlands), the Measles IgM (II) EIA "Seiken" (Denka Seiken, Tokyo, Japan), and the Enzygnost Anti-Measles Virus IgM (Dade Behring, Marburg, Germany) assays.…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of Immunoglobulin M Enzyme Immunoassays for Diagnosis of Measles

et al. 2003

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“…The low PPV for IgM assays is not unexpected, as PPV decreases among populations with low disease prevalence (17). In fact, due to a high proportion of false-positive results, Mayo Medical Laboratories discontinued serologic testing for rubella IgM in 2008 (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rubella IgM assays may produce false-positive results for several reasons, such as cross-reacting IgM resulting from infection with viruses other than rubella, the presence of rheumatoid factor, and persistent IgM after infection or vaccination (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). In countries with very low disease prevalence, such as the United States, the proportion of positive test results that are false positives increases (17). In addition, because the sensitivity and specificity of rubella IgM assay formats differ and up to 50% of rubella infections may be asymptomatic, interpretation of positive IgM results is challenging and often requires further investigation, particularly when testing pregnant women (18)(19)(20)(21)(22).…”

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confidence: 99%

Rubella Surveillance and Diagnostic Testing among a Low-Prevalence Population, New York City, 2012–2013

Isaac

Zucker

Giancotti

et al. 2017

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) receives clinical and laboratory reports for rubella. Because rubella immunoglobulin M (IgM) assays may produce false-positive results and rubella infections may be asymptomatic, interpretation of positive IgM results can be challenging. Rubella reports received by DOHMH in 2012 to 2013 were reviewed. The rubella IgM testing purpose was determined through case investigation. Results of IgM testing by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and capture enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were compared to determine positive predictive value (PPV) and specificity. DOHMH received 199 rubella reports; 2 were true cases. Of all reports, 77.9% were tested for rubella IgM erroneously, 19.6% were tested for diagnostic purposes, 2.0% had unknown test purpose, and 0.5% were not tested. PPV of indirect ELISA was 6% overall, 14% for diagnostic tests, and 0% for tests ordered erroneously. PPV of capture EIA was 29% overall, 50% for diagnostic tests, and 0% for tests ordered erroneously. Overall, specificity was 52% for indirect ELISA and 85% for capture EIA. Limiting rubella IgM testing to patients for whom rubella diagnosis is suspected and using a more specific IgM assay have the potential to reduce false-positive rubella IgM results.

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The contribution of field tests to measles surveillance and control: A review of available methods

Cited by 25 publications

References 44 publications

Priorities in global measles control: report of an outbreak in N'Djamena, Chad

Priorities in global measles control: report of an outbreak in N'Djamena, Chad

Assessment of Immunoglobulin M Enzyme Immunoassays for Diagnosis of Measles

Rubella Surveillance and Diagnostic Testing among a Low-Prevalence Population, New York City, 2012–2013

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