The contribution of frankincense to the agro-pastoral household economy and its potential for commercialization - A case from Borana, southern Ethiopia

Berhanu, Yonas; Vedeld, Paul; Angassa, Ayana; Aune, Jens B.

doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104423

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…But recurrent drought afecting both the physiological and morphological growth of trees leads to less quantity production. Tis is in agreement with Berhanu et al [30] who discovered that harvesting and production are seasonal, taking place during the dry season, and that refueling and wounding last until the start of the wet season.…”

Section: Factors Afecting the Quality And Quantity Of Gum Andsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Tis shortage of awareness always afects the quality of products, mostly resin, because it is collected with much moisture and has the potential to retain dust and other substances. Similar to this, fnding from [30] confrms that most collectors were cattle herders, they have no training in methods, and they developed experience from their parents. Respondents also show that as a producer, the topography is also a factor afecting the quantity of gum and resin.…”

Section: Factors Afecting the Quality And Quantity Of Gum Andmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Gum and Resin Production and Marketing: Implications for Pastoral Livelihood in Adadle District, Somali Region, Ethiopia

Yussuf

Lelamo

Abdi

2023

International Journal of Forestry Research

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Both locally and nationally, Ethiopia’s gum resin sector has a substantial economic impact. Even though collecting and selling gum and resin is one of the main livelihood activities in Ethiopia’s remote pastoral areas, there are few case studies that adequately reflect national realities. Therefore, the goal of this study is to pinpoint and evaluate gum and resin production and sale, as well as any implications for pastoral livelihood, in the Adadle district of the Somali Region. Both purposive and random sampling techniques were employed. The primary data gathering technique used were household surveys, key informant interviews, focus groups, market surveys, direct observation, and surveys of community-based organizations. Multiple response tests, one-way ANOVA, and descriptive statistics were used in SPSS Version 26 to statistically analyze the collected data. The study discovered many Acacia, Boswellia, and Commiphora tree species that are employed in the production of gum and resin. It was also found that natural oozing and artificial tapping were the methods used for collecting and harvesting gum and resin. The average amount of gum and resin/frankincense harvested annually by each family was 219.82 kg and 58.27 kg, respectively, with gum harvesting being substantially higher ( p 0.05 ) than resin harvesting. The recurrent drought, season, and awareness level of harvesters on taping were the factors affecting the quantity and quality of production. The average annual household income from gum and resin/frankincense was 18,684 Ethiopian Birr and 43,704 Ethiopian Birr, respectively. The mean annual income from resin was substantially larger ( p 0.05 ) than that of gum. The gum and resin market chain in the area comprises eight actors with five market channels. The research also demonstrates that the income made by selling gum and resin was used to pay for basic necessities for the family, save money for health care and medications, and pay for social concerns and educational expenses. Recurrent drought, lack of market access and market expertise, lack of institutional cooperatives, and lack of infrastructure and facilities were all determined to be obstacles to the production and sale of gum and resin. Generally, resources should be conserved and interventions should be done to ensure the sustainability of the resource base and improve production potential. Proper tapping techniques should be introduced to enhance production potential, and access to market information should be ensured to maximize primary producers’ income share insured for maximizing the income share of primary producers.

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Section: Factors Afecting the Quality And Quantity Of Gum Andsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Factors Afecting the Quality And Quantity Of Gum Andmentioning

confidence: 83%

Gum and Resin Production and Marketing: Implications for Pastoral Livelihood in Adadle District, Somali Region, Ethiopia

Yussuf

Lelamo

Abdi

2023

International Journal of Forestry Research

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“…Frankincense supply chains are generally nontransparent, with a series of brokers or middle traders and relatively low prices paid directly to harvesters [ 18 ]. Collection is seasonal, typically taking place during the dry season, and many harvesters follow a mixed livelihood strategy, combining frankincense and other NTFP harvesting with livestock herding or other activities [ 23 , 24 ]. The frankincense trade is typically highly segmented by gender, with men harvesting the resin and women sorting it to remove bark and other impurities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Potential of Boswellia rivae to Provide Sustainable Livelihood Benefits in Eastern Ethiopia

DeCarlo

Johnson²,

Abdikadir³

et al. 2023

Plants

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Frankincense is an oleo-gum-resin collected from wild Boswellia spp. trees, and widely used in perfumery, cosmetics, aromatherapy, incense, and other industries. Boswellia rivae, growing in Ethiopia, Somalia, and Kenya, is one source of frankincense, but is little-commercialized compared to species such as B. sacra, B. frereana, and B. papyrifera. In this study, we examine the resin essential oil chemistry and harvesting systems of B. rivae in order to evaluate its potential for increased trade and potential positive livelihood benefits. Boswellia rivae produces an essential oil rich in α-thujene (0.1–12.4%), α-pinene (5.5–56.4%), β-pinene (0.3–13.0%), δ-3-carene (0.1–31.5%), p-cymene (1.4–31.2%), limonene (1.8–37.3%), β-phellandrene (tr-5.6%), trans-pinocarveol (0.1–5.0%), trans-verbenol (0.1–11.2%), and trans-β-elemene (0–5.7%), similar to major commercial species, although it is difficult to detect mixing of B. rivae and Commiphora africana resins from chemistry alone. The B. rivae trees are not actively tapped, so resin collection has a neutral impact on the health of the trees, and resin production is unaffected by drought. Consequently, collecting resins acts as a key income supplementing livestock herding, as well as a safety net protecting pastoral communities from the severe negative effects of climate change-exacerbated drought on livestock. Therefore, Boswellia rivae is well positioned chemically, ecologically, and socially to support expanded trade.

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“…The oleo gum resin produced by members of the genus Boswellia helps the plant defend against various infections and pests [14] and has been used in religious ceremonies, perfume production, and as a phytomedicine since antiquity [15]. Recently, the essential oils derived from frankincense are gaining high economic importance internationally for aromatherapy and perfumery [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Frankincense Compounds on Infection, Inflammation, and Oral Health

et al. 2022

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Boswellia trees, found throughout the Middle East and parts of Africa and Asia, are the source of frankincense oil. Since antiquity, frankincense has been traded as a precious commodity, but it has also been used for the treatment of chronic disease, inflammation, oral health, and microbial infection. More recently, the bioactive components of Boswellia trees have been identified and characterized for their effects on cancer, microbial infection (especially infection by oral pathogens), and inflammation. Most studies have focused on cell lines, but more recent research has also investigated effects in animal models of disease. As natural products are considered to be safer than synthetic drugs, there is growing interest in further developing the use of substances such as frankincense oil for therapeutic treatment.

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The contribution of frankincense to the agro-pastoral household economy and its potential for commercialization - A case from Borana, southern Ethiopia

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Gum and Resin Production and Marketing: Implications for Pastoral Livelihood in Adadle District, Somali Region, Ethiopia

Gum and Resin Production and Marketing: Implications for Pastoral Livelihood in Adadle District, Somali Region, Ethiopia

Evaluating the Potential of Boswellia rivae to Provide Sustainable Livelihood Benefits in Eastern Ethiopia

Effects of Frankincense Compounds on Infection, Inflammation, and Oral Health

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