2016
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00153
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The Contribution of Immune Evasive Mechanisms to Parasite Persistence in Visceral Leishmaniasis

Abstract: Leishmania is a genus of protozoan parasites that give rise to a range of diseases called Leishmaniasis that affects annually an estimated 1.3 million people from 88 countries. Leishmania donovani and Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi are responsible to cause the visceral leishmaniasis. The parasite can use assorted strategies to interfere with the host homeostasis to establish persistent infections that without treatment can be lethal. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms involved in the parasite subver… Show more

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Cited by 54 publications
(62 citation statements)
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References 82 publications
(97 reference statements)
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“…However, the contribution of a similar pathway may not be inferred for other pathological sites of visceral leishmaniasis due to differences in the architectural and immune milieu in spleen, liver and lymph nodes. Suppression of the host T cell response has also been well documented in L. infantum infection [2,3,24]. Considering the similarity of the immune response, we envisage that the parasite burden may also suppress the T cell response during L. infantum infection.…”
Section: Immune Suppression In Bone Marrow Of Vlmentioning
confidence: 75%
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“…However, the contribution of a similar pathway may not be inferred for other pathological sites of visceral leishmaniasis due to differences in the architectural and immune milieu in spleen, liver and lymph nodes. Suppression of the host T cell response has also been well documented in L. infantum infection [2,3,24]. Considering the similarity of the immune response, we envisage that the parasite burden may also suppress the T cell response during L. infantum infection.…”
Section: Immune Suppression In Bone Marrow Of Vlmentioning
confidence: 75%
“…Dissemination of the disease is believed to be due to the suppressed state of immunity induced by the high parasite load (HPL) [2]. However, the role of regulatory T cells (T reg ) in such parasite-induced immune suppression at the disease site, i.e.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…We show that reduced H3 acetylation levels at host pro-inflammatory promoter genes correlates with decreased expression of crucial NF-κB and inflammasome activators. This finding reports a major new mechanism underlying the strong anti-inflammatory or immune subversive properties Leishmania exerts on its host cell irrespective of parasite species and tropism (de Freitas et al, 2016;Espitia et al, 2014;Kong et al, 2017;Liese et al, 2008;Soong, 2012;Stager et al, 2010) revealing a potential common epigenetic root for the immunopathologies underlying the different forms of clinical leishmaniasis (Gollob et al, 2014;Soong et al, 2012).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…Leishmaniasis is a poorly investigated disease mainly affecting people in countries that are developing and with challenged health practices. Leishmania living within the harsh environment of phagocytes has developed strategies for prompt physiological adaptation, escape from first-line defense systems and ability to inhibit a number of host cell functions (Freitas et al, 2016).To endure and blossom inside macrophages Leishmania adopt various strategies to modulate its physiology and signal kinetics. The direct influence of the parasite to the macrophages linked to the suppressed generation of nitric oxide and oxidative burst and also their inhibitory biological (Olivier et al, 2005, Van Assche et al, 2011 Indirectly, Leishmania influences the antigen presentation and T cell tasks in a way that macrophage deactivation guides towards parasite endurance mainly by amendment of host cell signaling of different kinases and phosphatases (Soulat et al, 2017).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%