The contribution of increases in family benefits to Australia’s early 21st-century fertility increase: An empirical analysis

A method for socially evaluating the effects of long-run demographic paths on living standards

“…Over the period between 2001 and 2008 Australia's total fertility rate increased from 1.73 to 2.02, before falling back to 1.93 in 20121.93 in (ABS 2013aParr and Guest 2011). Completed fertility to age 50 has fallen gradually to 2.08 births per woman.…”

“…Completed fertility to age 50 has fallen gradually to 2.08 births per woman. Under Australia's former Howard-led government (1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007), a pronatalist policy intent was apparent (Heard 2006;UNPD 2008;Parr and Guest 2011). Both reviews of the international literature and empirical evaluations for Australia suggest the effects on fertility of pronatalist policies have generally been slight (McDonald 2006;Gauthier 2007;Parr and Guest 2011).…”

“…Under Australia's former Howard-led government (1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007), a pronatalist policy intent was apparent (Heard 2006;UNPD 2008;Parr and Guest 2011). Both reviews of the international literature and empirical evaluations for Australia suggest the effects on fertility of pronatalist policies have generally been slight (McDonald 2006;Gauthier 2007;Parr and Guest 2011). The simulations here show that, within the narrow range of Australia's recent fertility experience, whether higher fertility is more valuable or less valuable than lower fertility depends on the consumption needs of the older age groups relative to those of the younger age groups: in the case of equal consumption needs lower fertility is unequivocally preferable to higher fertility, but the opposite is the case with age-specific consumption needs using the weightings in Cutler et al (1990).…”

“…A range of public policies have been introduced to either slow down population ageing or to ameliorate its effects on national prosperity and government budgets. Policies to slow down ageing include pro-fertility policies such as child subsidies of various kinds (McDonald 2006;Gauthier 2007;Guest and Parr 2010;Parr and Guest 2011;Guest and Parr 2013) and pro-immigration policies (Malmberg 2006). Policies to boost both supply and demand for older workers (OECD 2006) 4 are designed to reduce the national economic burden of ageing.…”

Entre l’effet tempo et l’effet quantum : une analyse de l’effet des politiques familiales sur la fécondité dans les pays avancés

“…Les études ont démontré que la prime n'avait eu qu'un effet modeste sur la fécondité. Alors que certains arguent que la prime exerce un effet positif sur la fécondité, et tout particulièrement sur les secondes et les troisièmes naissances (Drago et al, 2009et Lain et al, 2009, d'autres estiment que cet effet n'est pas significatif (Parr et Guest, 2011).…”