The Contribution of Inflammation to the Development of Hypertension Mediated by Increased Arterial Stiffness

Tomiyama, Hirofumi; Shiina, Kazuki; Matsumoto‐Nakano, Chisa; Ninomiya, Toshiharu; Komatsu, Shunsuke; Kimura, Kana; Chikamori, Taishiro; Yamashina, Akira

doi:10.1161/jaha.117.005729

Cited by 66 publications

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“…Further studies are needed to confirm the present findings in women, in other ethnicities, and in the general population. Second, baPWV actually reflects the stiffness of the large‐ to medium‐sized arteries11, 12, 14; therefore, the importance of aortic stiffness in blood pressure elevation could not be examined precisely in this study. Third, the effect of habitual exercise, which is well known to affect the blood pressure and arterial stiffness,19 was not examined in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of Wave Reflection and Arterial Stiffness on the Risk of Development of Hypertension in Japanese Men

Tomiyama

Komatsu

Shiina

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundWe conducted analyses of repeated‐measures data to examine whether pressure wave reflection acts additively or synergistically with arterial stiffness in the pathogenesis of hypertension.Methods and ResultsIn 3172 middle‐aged (42±9 years) healthy Japanese men without hypertension at the study baseline, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity, and radial augmentation index were measured annually during a 9‐year study period. Of these, 474 participants (15%) developed hypertension by the end of the study period. Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated significant individual odds ratios for both baseline brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity and radial augmentation index for the development of hypertension. The rate of onset of hypertension during the study period was highest in the participant group with high values for both brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity and radial augmentation index at study baseline (262 of 965 participants: 27%). The generalized estimating equation analysis revealed that both radial augmentation index (estimate=0.06, SE=0.03, P=0.05) and brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (estimate=0.07×10−1, SE=0.02×10−1, P<0.01) showed significant longitudinal association with new onset of hypertension, with no significant interaction.ConclusionsIn Japanese men, abnormal wave reflection and increased arterial stiffness may be additively associated with the risk of new onset of hypertension. Abnormal wave reflection and elevated central blood pressure may be longitudinally associated with increase in arterial stiffness, and this longitudinal association may be a mechanism underlying the additive effect of these 2 variables on the risk of new onset of hypertension.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of Wave Reflection and Arterial Stiffness on the Risk of Development of Hypertension in Japanese Men

Tomiyama

Komatsu

Shiina

et al. 2018

JAHA

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“…End of the study period was defined by the last examination of the participants who had undergone at least 2 annual examinations. 8,9 Among the whole study subjects included, 474 (14.5%) developed hypertension (of which 152 were already receiving antihypertensive medication by the end of the study period) by the end of the study period. The mean number of times that the variables were measured was 5.2±2.1×, and the mean duration of follow-up was 6.4±2.5 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,9 The cohort consisted of employees working at the headquarters of a single large Japanese construction company located in downtown Tokyo. According to the Occupational Health and Safety Law in Japan, it is mandatory for all company employees to undergo annual health checkups.…”

Section: Design and Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the data of the remaining 3274 men in whom the blood pressure (BP) was categorized as being in the normal range at the study baseline (ie, <140/90 mm Hg) were included in our analyses (Figure). 8 …”

Section: Design and Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8][9][10] Briefly, occlusion cuffs connected to both the plethysmographic and oscillometric sensors were tied around both the upper arms and lower legs of the subjects lying in the supine position. The brachial and post-tibial arterial pressures were measured by the oscillometric sensor.…”

Section: Measurement Of the Bapwvmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Involvement of Arterial Stiffness and Inflammation in Hyperuricemia-Related Development of Hypertension

et al. 2018

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A ccording to recently reported meta-analyses, hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for the development of hypertension, 1,2 although the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully clarified. Hyperuricemia has also been reported to be associated with the early stages of development of some risk factors for hypertension, such as arterial stiffness, 3 renal function decline, 4 and inflammation. 5 Thus, we attempted to verify the possibility of involvement of these risk factors in the risk of development of hypertension associated with hyperuricemia. 6 Although an observational study would be needed for such an objective, conventional observational studies, in which the relevant assessments are conducted at 2 observational points, have the limitation that they exclude the effects of timevarying confounding variables.7 However, analysis of repeated measures data by mixed model linear (MML) regression analysis and general estimated equation (GEE) analysis may be useful to minimize the effects of time-varying confounders. In the present prospective observational study conducted in Japanese men without hypertension at the study baseline, we analyzed repeated measures data by MML regression analysis and GEE analysis to clarify the longitudinal associations of hyperuricemia with the above-mentioned risk factors for the development of hypertension, and then to examine the longitudinal associations of these risk factors with the development of hypertension. MethodsThe data, analytical methods, and study materials will not be made available to other researchers for the purpose of reproducing the results or replicating the procedure. Design and SubjectsThe present study was conducted in the same cohort as that used in a previously reported prospective observational study. 8,9 The cohort consisted of employees working at the headquarters of a single large Japanese construction company located in downtown Tokyo. According to the Occupational Health and Safety Law in Japan, it is mandatory for all company employees to undergo annual health checkups. Informed consent for participation in this study was obtained from all of the study participants before their enrollment in this study. The study was Correspondence to Hirofumi Tomiyama, Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan. Email tomiyama@tokyo-med.ac.jp See Editorial Commentary, pp 582-584Abstract-This study analyzed repeated measurement data to clarify the longitudinal associations between hyperuricemia and the risk factors for the development of hypertension (ie, increased arterial stiffness, renal dysfunction, and inflammation), and then examined whether these risk factors show longitudinal associations with the development of hypertension. In 3274 Japanese men without hypertension, the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and serum uric acid and CRP (C-reactive protein) levels were measured annually over an 8-year period. Of these, 474 subjects developed hy...

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Arterial Stiffness in Early Phases of Prehypertension

Laurent

Cunha

2018

Updates in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Protection

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Children, adolescent, and adults with prehypertension have a high risk for developing hypertension. Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, such as prediabetes and diabetes mellitus, overweight and obesity, high lipid diet, high salt intake, and lack of regular physical activity play a crucial role in the transition between prehypertension and hypertension. Because these cardiovascular risk factors are key determinants of increased arterial stiffness, and because increased arterial stiffness is a determinant of incident hypertension, the question arises as to whether arterial stiffness plays a crucial role in the transition between early phases of prehypertension and hypertension. In this review, we will analyze the epidemiological and hemodynamic evidences that increased arterial stiffness is a determinant of incident hypertension. We will also address the complexity of this relationship by discussing the hemodynamic and biomechanical pathways involved in the bidirectional influence between arterial stiffness and blood pressure. And then, we will discuss (a) the predictive value of arterial stiffness not only for incident hypertension, but also for cardiovascular events, (b) the influence of low-grade inflammation associated with chronic diseases in the development of arterial stiffness and subsequently hypertension, (c) how the concept of Early Vascular Ageing can help understanding the relationship between arterial stiffness and prehypertension, and (d) the relationships between metabolic syndrome, arterial stiffness, and prehypertension in children.

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The Contribution of Inflammation to the Development of Hypertension Mediated by Increased Arterial Stiffness

Cited by 66 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of Wave Reflection and Arterial Stiffness on the Risk of Development of Hypertension in Japanese Men

Effect of Wave Reflection and Arterial Stiffness on the Risk of Development of Hypertension in Japanese Men

Involvement of Arterial Stiffness and Inflammation in Hyperuricemia-Related Development of Hypertension

Arterial Stiffness in Early Phases of Prehypertension

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