The Contribution of New Businesses to Regional Employment-An Empirical Analysis

Fritsch, Michael; Schindele, Yvonne

doi:10.1111/j.1944-8287.2011.01113.x

Cited by 57 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Given the macrofindings by Holmlund and Storrie [73], it is reasonable to expect that many of the created jobs are based on fixed-term contracts but where these types of jobs are created and for which groups remains to be seen. Moreover, by studying the geography of entrepreneurship and spin-offs [69] it would be possible to discern in more detail how the intraurban economy evolves if addressing questions like where new firms of various forms (start-ups of spin-offs) in different sectors enter and how the location of entrepreneurship influences survival power and employment growth [74].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Capital, Skills, and Uneven Intraurban Employment Growth: The Case of Göteborg, Sweden, 1990–2008

Borggren

Eriksson

2014

Urban Studies Research

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Recent research has elucidated the role of talents to explain urban growth differences but it remains to be shown whether urban dynamics, such as human capital and a mixed local population, can be linked to intraurban employment growth. By use of a unique longitudinal database, we track the economic development through the lens of intraurban employment growth of a number of primary urban areas (PUA) in Göteborg, Sweden. Regarding factors influencing employment growth, we find that relative concentrations of human capital protect areas from rising unemployment during severe recession (1990)(1991)(1992)(1993) and recovery (1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000) while the composition of skills is beneficial during recovery (1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000) and long-term growth (1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008). Our findings suggest that neither too high concentrations of creative occupations nor too low ones are beneficial. Thus, human capital drives much of the employment changes in relation to the recession and early transition from manufacturing to service but composition of skills is more relevant for explaining long-term intraurban employment growth. BackgroundThe gradual shift from manufacturing to a postindustrial knowledge-based economy has resulted in a number of events that have changed future prerequisites for economic development. These events include a deepened spatial division of labour at both regional [1] and urban [2] levels, urban decline and revitalization [3], and a growing service industry [4,5]. In relation to this, increasing attention has been directed towards how the changing geography of talent shapes the preconditions for regional and urban development. In particular, focus has been on the role of high concentrations of human capital and creativity when it comes to explaining postindustrial location tendencies and why certain localities prosper while others do not [6][7][8]. However, recent contributions have shown that it is not the pure agglomeration of certain industries and skills that primarily drive development but rather the composition of knowledge at both the level of the region [9][10][11][12] and within the firm [13]. Framing the issue of the geography of talents is its impact on the economic structure of the city region as a whole. In agreement with Törnqvist [14], Hutton [15] and Hansen, and Winther [2], we argue that studying the city region from a holistic perspective is not fruitful if one wishes to put the spatial division of talents in the context of contemporary urban development, especially if one wishes to understand current urban economic activity. Thus, instead of conceptualising the city as a homogenous fabric of inputs and outputs in order to compare its economic activities with other cities, most notably illustrated in the phrase of "cauldrons of creativity" [8], Hansen and Winther [2] argue that the growing complexity of l...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Capital, Skills, and Uneven Intraurban Employment Growth: The Case of Göteborg, Sweden, 1990–2008

Borggren

Eriksson

2014

Urban Studies Research

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“…Several empirical studies have identified the factors, characteristics, and conditions perceived as fundamental to the development of entrepreneurial activity in a region (e.g. Bull & Winter 1991;Fritsch & Schindele, 2011). These studies identify six important domains of the entrepreneurial ecosystem: social and demographic, economic, technological, financial, infrastructural, and policy.…”

Section: Entrepreneurial Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of entrepreneurial ecosystems in remote islands and core regions

Freitas

Kitson

2018

ISJ

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ABSTRACT:The existence of an effective entrepreneurial ecosystem is important for economic development and growth. This study considers how entrepreneurial ecosystems are perceived and operate in different locations focusing on remote islands compared to core/central regions. In particular, this study focuses on two remote island economies (the Canary Islands, in Spain, and Madeira, in Portugal), compared with Catalonia and Lisbon which are two core regions in Spain and Portugal. The evidence, based on a large-scale survey, shows that firms in remote islands perceive that they operate in a less favourable entrepreneurial ecosystem compared to firms in core regions although the findings show that there are significant variations across sectors of activity. Thus, the appropriate strategies for entrepreneurial action and for policy makers will vary depending on the characteristics of the ecosystem.

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“…While economic factors like GDP growth, unemployment, and human capital explain a great deal of the variation in economic activity between regions, social and cultural factors remain important source of differentiation (Davidsson and Wiklund, 1997). Given the role of entrepreneurship in generating resilient regional economies, research on the local cultural factors that encourage or discourage the creation of innovative startups has become a point of paramount importance (Fritsch and Schindele, 2011). The relational connections between local cultures and entrepreneurship are complex and difficult to untangle, but difficult to ignore.…”

Section: 2: Entrepreneurial Geographies and Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%