“…To advance the literature, we expected that the strength of the relation between adolescents’ depressive symptoms and their academic achievement could be explained by the adolescents’ perception of the teachers’ and peers’ behaviors. Specifically, based on previous literature, indicating that adolescents who perceived their teachers as supportive, caring, and respectful of students and positive relationships with their peers also reported higher achievement and lower depressive symptoms over time (e.g., Newman et al, ; Pössel et al, ; Schwartz et al, ; Tas, ), we expected that the perception of supportive relationships with teachers and peers would be directly associated with higher academic achievement and fewer depressive symptoms. However, we could not formulate specific hypotheses about the directionality of these relations, because of the mixed findings regarding the differential roles of the teacher and peer relationships for the adolescents’ adjustment (Lynch & Cicchetti, ; Roorda et al, ).…”