The Contribution of Services Liberalization to Poverty Reduction: What Role for the GATS?

Adlung, Rudolf

doi:10.1163/221190007x00044

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The casual relationship between trade in services and development is still difficult to probe. The absence of a strong theoretical corpus is compensated with a high degree of agreement and empirical evidence that some services exports boost growth, which is a precondition for development (Adlung, 2007;Mattoo, Rathindran & Subramanian, 2006;UNCTAD, 2016;World Bank, 2010). Stylized facts support this positive relation; services export participation of developed countries is higher than those of developing countries.…”

Section: Trade In Services and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comercio de servicios y desarrollo: Percepción de la política en Chile

López

García

Muñoz

2018

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La positiva relación entre el comercio de servicios y el desarrollo de los países ha sido señalada por diferentes gobiernos chilenos como una justificación para incrementar las exportaciones de servicios a fin de alcanzar la diversificación en su canasta y agregar valor a las exportaciones. Desde la primera década del 2000, el Estado ha implementado una serie de programas y estrategias dirigidas a lograr este objetivo. Sin embargo, la matriz permanece anclada en los recursos naturales, particularmente el cobre. Aunque el comercio de servicios ha aumentado, no lo ha hecho como se esperaba. Por lo anterior, para este trabajo se entrevistó a expertos del sector público, privado y académico, la sociedad civil y ONG para recabar su percepción sobre las políticas de promoción de exportaciones de servicios implementadas en el período 1990-2014. Para una mejor comprensión de los resultados, se distinguen tres niveles de análisis, en una jerarquía lógica de mayor a menor grado: Nivel I: Consideraciones sobre doctrinas económicas y culturas corporativas. Nivel II: Consideraciones sobre la especificidad de la industria de servicios y consideraciones económicas. Nivel III: Consideraciones sobre políticas e instrumentos específicos. Algunas conclusiones y recomendaciones se presentan al final.

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Section: Trade In Services and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comercio de servicios y desarrollo: Percepción de la política en Chile

López

García

Muñoz

2018

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“…{FN omitted} Such effects are particularly relevant in sectors like telecommunications and financial services where large upfront investments are necessary to gain a foothold in a new market." Rudolf Adlung (2007) In addition, systemic issues, such as procedures for administering travel warnings, are undoubtedly more difficult to address at the bilateral or regional level.…”

Section: {Emphasis Added}mentioning

confidence: 99%

LDC Poverty Alleviation and the Doha Development Agenda: Is Tourism Being Neglected?

Honeck

2008

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Despite being a leading export sector and source of foreign exchange for most (non-oil exporting) LDCs, tourism never makes the headlines of the WTO's Doha Development Agenda negotiations. When tourism's impressive potential for poverty alleviation is considered, the lack of attention is even more striking. Reasons for the apparent neglect are complex, and include a lack of awareness of tourism as an export sector, the fragmented nature of the industry and low political influence, exaggerated concerns over "leakages", misunderstandings about poverty alleviation and tourism, and the "poker playing" characteristic of trade negotiations. The evident results are missed opportunities to address services infrastructure constraints (one of the greatest impediments to increasing LDC tourism revenues and value-added), as well as a failure to address sufficiently tourism's agricultural, industrial, and Aid for Trade linkages. Terms of use: Documents inExisting national-level investment promotion objectives, as well as DTIS and TPR reports can be helpful for identifying priorities for both GATS negotiations and Aid for Trade. The focus should not necessarily be on making GATS commitments, but rather on ensuring that the importance of tourism for LDCs is acknowledged and acted upon. Indeed, governments can always further liberalize on a unilateral basis; in the context of the DDA, however, they can request greater access to trading partners' markets in exchange, as well as gain valuable international attention and publicity.

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“…To the extent that national treatment 42 Adlung and Roy (2005), at 1181. 43 Adlung (2007a), at 247. 44 See Adlung (2007b), at 251-253.…”

Section: (C)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such provisions are generally very rare in BITs, testifying 19 In this context, the term 'sector exclusions' refers to sectors fully exempt from BIT coverage as well as to sectors that have been made subject to national treatment limitations. 20 See Adlung (2007a), at 564-566. 21 The precise sector-coverage of these treaties is subject to an element of uncertainty, however, since it is difficult in many cases to associate broad references to particular services (banking, telephone and telegraph services, etc.)…”

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confidence: 99%

Bilateralism in Services Trade: Is There Fire Behind the (BIT-)Smoke?

Adlung¹,

Molinuevo

2008

SSRN Journal

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In most of the current literature, the spread of regionalism in international trade relations is discussed in terms of a rapidly rising number of preferential trade agreements (PTAs). Far less attention is given to the even more rapid proliferation of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and their overlap with obligations assumed by World Trade Organization (WTO) Members under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). About 60 per cent of world foreign investment stocks are in services and, thus, covered by mode 3 (commercial presence) of the GATS. A closer look reveals that BITs generally apply across a far wider range of sectors, in particular in the case of least developed countries LDCs and developing countries, than those scheduled under the GATS. Furthermore, a number of obligations enshrined in BITs go beyond their potential counterparts under the GATS. At the same time, since most WTO Members have not listed relevant exemptions from the Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) clause of the Agreement, their BIT obligations are to be applied on an MFN basis. While this extension may not cause problems in many cases, given generally liberal investment regimes and the focus of most treaties on protecting rather than liberalizing access, inconsistencies remain between the two frameworks. Based on an assessment of relevant provisions, this article discusses options on how WTO Members could proceed. NCCR TRADE WORKING PAPERS are preliminary documents posted on the NCCR Trade Regulation website (www.nccr-trade.org) and widely circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comment. These papers have not been formally edited. Citations should refer to a "NCCR Trade Working Paper", with appropriate reference made to the author(s). This study has been released too as a WTO Staff Working Paper (No. ERSD-2008-01) and is available at the WTO Website (http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/reser_e/ersd200801_e.htm). KEYWORDS: BILATERALISM IN SERVICES TRADE: IS THERE FIRE BEHIND THE (BIT-)SMOKE?Rudolf Adlung and Martin Molinuevo* ABSTRACTIn most of the current literature, the spread of regionalism in international trade relations is discussed in terms of a rapidly rising number of preferential trade agreements (PTAs). Far less attention is given to the even more rapid proliferation of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and their overlap with obligations assumed by World Trade Organization (WTO) Members under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). About 60 per cent of world foreign investment stocks are in services and, thus, covered by mode 3 (commercial presence) of the GATS. A closer look reveals that BITs generally apply across a far wider range of sectors, in particular in the case of least developed countries LDCs and developing countries, than those scheduled under the GATS. Furthermore, a number of obligations enshrined in BITs go beyond their potential counterparts under the GATS. At the same time, since most WTO Members have not listed relevant exemptions from the Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) claus...

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The Contribution of Services Liberalization to Poverty Reduction: What Role for the GATS?

Cited by 27 publications

References 1 publication

Comercio de servicios y desarrollo: Percepción de la política en Chile

Comercio de servicios y desarrollo: Percepción de la política en Chile

LDC Poverty Alleviation and the Doha Development Agenda: Is Tourism Being Neglected?

Bilateralism in Services Trade: Is There Fire Behind the (BIT-)Smoke?

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