The contribution of sonography to the measurement of intra‐abdominal fat

Armellini, F; Zamboni, Mauro; Rigo, L.; Todesco, Tiziana; Bergamo-Andreis, I A; Procacci, Carlo; Bosello, O

doi:10.1002/jcu.1870180707

Cited by 216 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…To date, it has been used to measure subcutaneous [18][19][20] and preperitoneal fat 21,22 as well as visceral thickness (distance between anterior abdominal wall and anterior surface of aorta). 7,21,23 The abdominal wall fat index expressed as a ratio of preperitoneal to subcutaneous fat thickness has been developed to assess the relationships between adipose tissue and obesity-related complications. 1,7,22 These sonographic measurements or indexes also showed significant associations with fatty liver or cardiovascular risk factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenteric fat thickness as an independent determinant of fatty liver

Liu

Chan

et al. 2006

Int J Obes

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Objective: Mesenteric fat is drained by the portal circulation and has been suggested to be a key component in obesity-related health risk, notably the metabolic syndrome. There are increasing epidemiological and experimental data showing that fatty liver is another component of this multifaceted syndrome. Given their intimate anatomical and physiological relationships, we hypothesized that mesenteric fat thickness may be independently associated with the risk of fatty liver. To test this hypothesis, we examined the predictive role of various fat deposits including mesenteric fat thickness, and various metabolic variables on the risk of fatty liver. Subjects and methods: A total of 291 Chinese subjects (134 men and 157 women with a mean BMI of 23.7 kg/m 2 , range: 16.5-33.4 kg/m 2 ) underwent ultrasound examination for measurement of mesenteric, subcutaneous and preperitoneal fat thickness, and for diagnosis of fatty liver. Body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio were recorded. Blood pressure was measured. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), liver enzymes were determined by common methods. Results: The subjects with fatty liver had greater abdominal fat thickness and higher anthropometric indexes than those without fatty liver. The subjects with fatty liver also showed higher blood pressure, worse lipid and glycaemic profile compared with those without fatty liver. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, mesenteric fat thickness was a risk factor of fatty liver, independent of body mass index, age, sex, insulin resistance, fasting plasma glucose, lipid and blood pressure. The odds ratio was 1.5 (95% confidence interval: 1.27-1.77) for every 1 mm increase in the mesenteric fat thickness. Measurement of preperitoneal and subcutaneous fat deposits did not show significant associations with fatty liver. Conclusion: Mesenteric fat thickness measured on ultrasound is an independent determinant of fatty liver.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenteric fat thickness as an independent determinant of fatty liver

Liu

Chan

et al. 2006

Int J Obes

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“…The intra-abdominal fat/ subcutaneous fat ratio (VSR) was also computed. The total adipose tissue area (AT) and the visceral AT area were obtained by predictive formulae according to Armellini et al 17,18 Blood pressure parameters Starting at 08.00 am and following an overnight fast all patients underwent 24 h Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) with a non-invasive device (Takeda-TM 2420/TM 2020, rev. 7, Japan), 25 using a large cuff size (45 cm 6 23 cm).…”

Section: Obesity Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between anthropometric and ultrasound measurements of fatness with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in obese women

Ballone

Merlitti

et al. 1997

Int J Obes

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OBJECTIVE: An association between body fat distribution indices and the amount of visceral adipose tissue (AT) with blood pressure (BP) has been documented. However, most studies used casual morning BP values as the dependent variable. The aim of our study was to identify which of the obesity indices (the body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), sagittal diameter or visceral (AT) measured by ultrasonography (US)) better correlated with BP determined by 24 h ambulatory monitoring. DESIGN: Retrospective study on obese women, outpatients at the Obesity Clinic, Internal Medicine Institute, Chieti University, Italy. SUBJECTS AND MEASUREMENTS: In ®fty-one obese outpatient women, BP was determined with a single morning measurement (casual BP) and with 24 h ambulatory monitoring (ABPM). The obesity parameters were the BMI, WHR, sagittal diameter and the amount of intra-abdominal and subcutaneous fat determined by US. RESULTS: Except for the BMI, all obesity indices as WHR, sagittal diameter and visceral AT measured by US were strongly correlated with both casual and 24 h ambulatory BP values. When such parameters were evaluated in a multivariate analysis, only the WHR remained signi®cantly related to 24 h ABPM parameters and not to casual values. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a simple measure of fat distribution as the WHR could represent a good predictor of hypertension in obesity, providing that BP is measured in a more reproducible manner, such as by 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring.

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“…However, its relatively inconsistent inter-and intraoperator reproducibilities are major shortcomings. 7,8 Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) provides a relatively rapid and accurate assessment of total body fat with relatively low radiation exposure but does not directly quantify VAAT. [9][10][11] Whereas CT provides more accurate estimation of VAAT, subjects are exposed to ionizing radiation, which makes it unsuitable for large-scale research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully automated large-scale assessment of visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue by magnetic resonance imaging

et al. 2006

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Objective: To describe and evaluate a fully automated method for characterizing abdominal adipose tissue from magnetic resonance (MR) transverse body scans. Methods: Four MR pulse sequences were applied: SE, FLAIR, STIR, and FRFSE. On 39 subjects, each abdomen was traversed by 15 contiguous transaxial images. The total abdominal adipose tissue (TAAT) was calculated from thresholds obtained by slice histogram analysis. The same thresholds were also used in the manual volume calculation of TAAT, subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT) and visceral abdominal adipose tissue (VAAT). Image segmentation methods, including edge detection, mathematical morphology, and knowledge-based curve fitting, were used to automatically separate SAAT from VAAT in various 'nonstandard' cases such as those with heterogeneous magnetic fields and movement artefacts. Results: The percentage root mean squared errors of the method for SAAT and VAAT ranged from 1.0 to 2.7% for the four sequences. It took approximately 7 and 15 min to complete the 15-slice volume estimation of the three adipose tissue classes using automated and manual methods, respectively. Conclusion:The results demonstrate that the proposed method is robust and accurate. Although the separation of SAAT and VAAT is not always perfect, this method could be especially helpful in dealing with large amounts of data such as in epidemiological studies.

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The contribution of sonography to the measurement of intra‐abdominal fat

Cited by 216 publications

References 10 publications

Mesenteric fat thickness as an independent determinant of fatty liver

Mesenteric fat thickness as an independent determinant of fatty liver

Association between anthropometric and ultrasound measurements of fatness with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in obese women

Fully automated large-scale assessment of visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue by magnetic resonance imaging

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