The contribution of TMS to frontotemporal dementia variants

Alberici, Antonella; Bonato, Claudio; Calabria, Marco; Agosti, Chiara; Zanetti, Orazio; Miniussi, Carlo; Padovani, Alessandro; Rossini, Paolo Maria; Borroni, Barbara

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01017.x

Cited by 39 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…We did not find any difference for SICI and ICF measurements at baseline between the two groups. This is consistent with the data presented in a recent review (Freitas et al, 2011) reporting that some reductions of SICI to paired-pulse TMS were found by some investigators (Liepert et al, 2001;Martorana et al, 2008;Nardone et al, 2006;Pierantozzi et al, 2004), but most (7 of 11) studies did not find differences in SICI between AD patients and controls (Alberici et al, 2008;Di Lazzaro et al, 2004;Di Lazzaro et al, 2002;Di Lazzaro et al, 2008;Di Lazzaro et al, 2007;Nardone et al, 2008;Pepin et al, 1999). Less discrepancies do exist regarding the alterations of SLAI in AD patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Dopamine D2-agonist Rotigotine effects on cortical excitability and central cholinergic transmission in Alzheimer's disease patients

et al. 2013

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Dopamine D2-agonist Rotigotine effects on cortical excitability and central cholinergic transmission in Alzheimer's disease patients

et al. 2013

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“…The figure is adapted from [5] by the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil [173], suggesting the presence of a functional cholinergic deficit in AD, which could serve as a potential therapeutic target. The reduction of SICI has been an inconsistent finding, with a number of studies reporting a normal level of SICI [174][175][176][177][178]. One study reported a reduction of LICI in AD, which appeared to be correlated with cognitive deficits [179].…”

Section: Utility Of Tms In Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…TMS abnormalities have included an increase of motor thresholds [201], along with reduction of SICI [175] and CSP duration [197], and absence of ipsilateral CSP [197]. These TMS changes were shown to correlate with clinical features of CBD such as limb apraxia [201,202], and cognitive disorders [203].…”

Section: Movement Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Assessment of Neurodegenerative Disease

Vucic

Kiernan

2017

Neurotherapeutics

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive technique that has provided important information about cortical function across an array of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson's disease, and related extrapyramidal disorders. Application of TMS techniques in neurodegenerative diseases has provided important pathophysiological insights, leading to the development of pathogenic and diagnostic biomarkers that could be used in the clinical setting and therapeutic trials. Abnormalities of TMS outcome measures heralding cortical hyperexcitability, as evidenced by a reduction of short-interval intracortical inhibition and increased in motorevoked potential amplitude, have been consistently identified as early and intrinsic features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), preceding and correlating with the ensuing neurodegeneration. Cortical hyperexcitability appears to form the pathogenic basis of ALS, mediated by trans-synaptic glutamate-mediated excitotoxic mechanisms. As a consequence of these research findings, TMS has been developed as a potential diagnostic biomarker, capable of identifying upper motor neuronal pathology, at earlier stages of the disease process, and thereby aiding in ALS diagnosis. Of further relevance, marked TMS abnormalities have been reported in other neurodegenerative diseases, which have varied from findings in ALS. With time and greater utilization by clinicians, TMS outcome measures may prove to be of utility in future therapeutic trial settings across the neurodegenerative disease spectrum, including the monitoring of neuroprotective, stem-cell, and genetic-based strategies, thereby enabling assessment of biological effectiveness at early stages of drug development.

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“…As mentioned above, patients with mild AD show measures of increased cortical excitability as compared to controls, which may make these patients more specifically responsive to TMS treatment [50,59,60]. This hyperexcitability may reflect impaired cholinergic activity and a deficit of N-methyl-D-aspartic glutamate receptors [50,61,62]. Neuronal loss might be one of the reasons responsible for motor cortex hyperexcitability in AD patients [61,63].…”

Section: Tms Studies Investigating Pathophysiologic Brain Changes In Admentioning

confidence: 94%

TMS as a Tool for Examining Cognitive Processing

Nevler

Ash

2015

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method where an externally placed, rapidly changing magnetic field causes induction of weak electric currents that lead to changes in neuronal polarization and activity. TMS is a modality that has emerged as a unique tool in the study of functional neuroscience for several reasons. TMS can be used to selectively activate or inhibit specific cortical structures, leading to transient perturbations in their function. Systematic study of these perturbations has been employed to determine the function of specific cortical structures and to investigate structure-function relationships. These studies extend to the functional mapping of brain structures as well as brain networks. While TMS was first validated in studies of motor cortex function, it has been applied to the study of cognition and cognitive processing. "Virtual lesions" can be transiently induced in areas of eloquent cortex that allow for the evaluation of their function in cognition and behavior and can be used to evaluate the modes and hierarchy of control of these functions. When TMS is delivered in a repetitive fashion, long-term alterations of cortical function are induced which can be used to study functional brain plasticity, and the changes in brain plasticity in different cognitive states, including aging and diseases involving cognition. Furthermore, repetitive TMS strategies have been developed as possible modulators of cognitive function, with potential to serve as cognitive enhancers in both healthy and disease states. In this review, specific attention is given to the use of TMS in the evaluation of neurophysiologic changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as the potential role of TMS as a cognitive enhancing therapy in AD.

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The contribution of TMS to frontotemporal dementia variants

Cited by 39 publications

References 34 publications

Dopamine D2-agonist Rotigotine effects on cortical excitability and central cholinergic transmission in Alzheimer's disease patients

Dopamine D2-agonist Rotigotine effects on cortical excitability and central cholinergic transmission in Alzheimer's disease patients

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Assessment of Neurodegenerative Disease

TMS as a Tool for Examining Cognitive Processing

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