The contribution of walking to work to adult physical activity levels: a cross sectional study

Audrey, Suzanne; Procter, Sunita; Cooper, Ashley R

doi:10.1186/1479-5868-11-37

Cited by 88 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This may not represent all newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes adults because people with an exercise interest are preferentially attracted to participate in such studies. However, these activity levels are similar to healthy non-diabetic people in the USA [25], and less than that seen in participants in UK Biobank study [26] and in a cross sectional study of people in Bristol, UK [27]. Regardless, we were surprised that the mean level of physical activity was only 37 min/day which is only 11 min/day more than newly diagnosed people with Type 2 diabetes who were twice as old [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Exercise to preserve β‐cell function in recent‐onset Type 1 diabetes mellitus (EXTOD) – a randomized controlled pilot trial

et al. 2017

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Aim Residual b-cell function is present at the time of diagnosis with Type 1 diabetes. Preserving this b-cell function reduces complications. We hypothesized that exercise preserves b-cell function in Type 1 diabetes and undertook a pilot trial to address the key uncertainties in designing a definitive trial to test this hypothesis.Methods A randomized controlled pilot trial in adults aged 16-60 years diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes within the previous 3 months was undertaken. Participants were assigned to control (usual care) or intervention (exercise consultation every month), in a 1 : 1 ratio for 12 months. The primary outcomes were recruitment rate, drop out, exercise adherence [weeks with ≥ 150 min of self-reported moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA)], and exercise uptake in the control group. The secondary outcomes were differences in insulin sensitivity and rate of loss of b-cell function between intervention and control at 6 and 12 months.Results Of 507 individuals who were approached, 58 (28 control, 30 intervention) entered the study and 41 completed it. Participants were largely white European males, BMI 24.8 AE 3.8 kg/m 2 , HbA 1c 75 AE 25 mmol/mol (9 AE 2%). Mean level of objectively measured MVPA increased in the intervention group (mean 243 to 273 min/week) and 61% of intervention participants reached the target of ≥ 150 min/week of self-reported MVPA on at least 42 weeks of the year. Physical activity levels fell slightly in the control group (mean 277 to 235 min of MVPA/week). There was exploratory evidence that intervention group became more insulin sensitive and required less insulin. However, the rate of loss of b-cell function appeared similar between the groups, although the change in insulin sensitivity may have affected this.Conclusion We show that it is possible to recruit and randomize people with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes to a trial of an exercise intervention, and increase and maintain their exercise levels for 12 months. Future trials need to incorporate measures of greater adherence to exercise training targets, and include more appropriate measures of b-cell function. (Clinical Trials

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Exercise to preserve β‐cell function in recent‐onset Type 1 diabetes mellitus (EXTOD) – a randomized controlled pilot trial

et al. 2017

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“…[7][8][9] A recent UK study provided 103 commuters with accelerometers for seven days and found that total weekday physical activity was 45% higher in participants who walked to work compared with those who commuted by car, while no differences in sedentary activity or weekend physical activity were observed between the two groups. 9 However, the definition of "active commuting" should not be limited to walking and cycling. Previous research has suggested that travelling by public transport involves significantly more exertion than using private transport, as walking is generally required between public transport hubs and journey origins and destinations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between active commuting, body fat, and body mass index: population based, cross sectional study in the United Kingdom

Flint

Cummins

Sacker

2014

BMJ

160

129

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Objective To determine if promotion of active modes of travel is an effective strategy for obesity prevention by assessing whether active commuting (walking or cycling for all or part of the journey to work) is independently associated with objectively assessed biological markers of obesity.Design Cross sectional study of data from the wave 2 Health Assessment subsample of Understanding Society, the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS). The exposure of interest, commuting mode, was self reported and categorised as three categories: private transport, public transport, and active transport.Participants The analytic samples (7534 for body mass index (BMI) analysis, 7424 for percentage body fat analysis) were drawn from the representative subsample of wave 2 respondents of UKHLS who provided health assessment data (n=15 777). Results Results from multivariate linear regression analyses suggest that, compared with using private transport, commuting by public or active transport modes was significantly and independently predictive of lower BMI for both men and women. In fully adjusted models, men who commuted via public or active modes had BMI scores 1.10 (95% CI 0.53 to 1.67) and 0.97 (0.40 to 1.55) points lower, respectively, than those who used private transport. Women who commuted via public or active modes had BMI scores 0.72 (0.06 to 1.37) and 0.87 (0.36 to 0.87) points lower, respectively, than those using private transport. Results for percentage body fat were similar in terms of magnitude, significance, and direction of effects. Main outcome measuresConclusions Men and women who commuted to work by active and public modes of transport had significantly lower BMI and percentage body fat than their counterparts who used private transport. These associations were not attenuated by adjustment for a range of hypothesised confounding factors.

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“…In the first week of cycle usage participants wore a combined heart rate and accelerometer (ActiHeart; CamNtech, Cambridge, UK) and a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver (QStarz BT1000X; QStarz International Co. Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan), recording data every 15 s. Data were merged by timestamp and visualized in a Geographic Information System (ArcMap) to identify journeys by e‐bike or foot 6. For each journey, the mean heart rate and percentage of HR max were calculated.…”

Section: Participants and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of electric bicycles to improve the health of people with Type 2 diabetes: a feasibility study

et al. 2018

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AimTo explore in a feasibility study whether ‘e‐cycling’ was acceptable to, and could potentially improve the health of, people with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsTwenty people with Type 2 diabetes were recruited and provided with an electric bicycle for 20 weeks. Participants completed a submaximal fitness test at baseline and follow‐up to measure predicted maximal aerobic power, and semi‐structured interviews were conducted to assess the acceptability of using an electric bicycle. Participants wore a heart rate monitor and a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver in the first week of electric bicycle use to measure their heart‐rate during e‐cycling.ResultsEighteen participants completed the study, cycling a median (interquartile range) of 21.4 (5.5–37.7) km per week. Predicted maximal aerobic power increased by 10.9%. Heart rate during electric bicycle journeys was 74.7% of maximum, compared with 64.3% of maximum when walking. Participants used the electric bicycles for commuting, shopping and recreation, and expressed how the electric bicycle helped them to overcome barriers to active travel/cycling, such as hills. Fourteen participants purchased an electric bicycle on study completion.ConclusionsThere was evidence that e‐cycling was acceptable, could increase fitness and elicited a heart rate that may lead to improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors in this population. Electric bicycles have potential as a health‐improving intervention in people with Type 2 diabetes.

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The contribution of walking to work to adult physical activity levels: a cross sectional study

Cited by 88 publications

References 24 publications

Exercise to preserve β‐cell function in recent‐onset Type 1 diabetes mellitus (EXTOD) – a randomized controlled pilot trial

Exercise to preserve β‐cell function in recent‐onset Type 1 diabetes mellitus (EXTOD) – a randomized controlled pilot trial

Associations between active commuting, body fat, and body mass index: population based, cross sectional study in the United Kingdom

Potential of electric bicycles to improve the health of people with Type 2 diabetes: a feasibility study

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