The contributions and future direction of Program Science in HIV/STI prevention

Becker, Marissa; Mishra, Sharmistha; Aral, Sevgi O.; Bhattacharjee, Parinita; Lorway, Rob; Green, Kalada; Anthony, John; Isac, Shajy; Emmanuel, Faran; Musyoki, Helgar; Lazarus, Lisa; Thompson, Laura H.; Cheuk, Eve; Blanchard, James

doi:10.1186/s12982-018-0076-8

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The Programme Science approach systematically applies scientific theory and empirical knowledge to answer critical programmatic questions [32]. At the core of programme science is the systematic combination of the programme cycle with a research strategy, by embedding research within programmes and having programmes set and drive the research agenda [33]. In the context of this research, the key question is derived from the challenges that HIV programmes with MSM are experiencing of low uptake and low frequency of HIV testing among MSM in Kenya.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of community-based HIV self-testing delivery strategies on reducing undiagnosed HIV infection, and improving linkage to prevention and treatment services, among men who have sex with men in Kenya: a programme science study protocol

et al. 2019

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Background HIV prevalence among men having sex with men (MSM) in Kenya is 18.2%. Despite scale-up of HIV testing services, many MSM remain unaware of their HIV status and thus do not benefit from accessing HIV treatment or prevention services. HIV self-testing (HIVST) may help address this gap. However, evidence is limited on how, when, and in what contexts the delivery of HIVST to MSM could increase awareness of HIV status and lead to early linkage to HIV treatment and prevention. Methods The study will be embedded within existing MSM-focused community-based HIV prevention and treatment programmes in 3 counties in Kenya (Kisumu, Mombasa, Kiambu). The study is designed to assess three HIV testing outcomes among MSM, namely a) coverage b) frequency of testing and c) early uptake of testing. The study will adopt a mixed methods programme science approach to the implementation and evaluation of HIVST strategies via: (i) a baseline and endline bio-behavioural survey with 1400 MSM; (ii) a socio-sexual network study with 351 MSM; (iii) a longitudinal qualitative cohort study with 72 MSM; (iv) routine programme monitoring in three sites; (v) a programme-specific costing exercise; and (vi) mathematical modelling. This protocol evaluates the impact of community-based implementation of HIV self-testing delivery strategies among MSM in Kenya on reducing the undiagnosed MSM population, and time for linkage to prevention, treatment and care following HIV self-testing. Baseline data collection started in April 2019 and the endline data collection will start in July 2020. Discussion This study is one of the first programme science studies in Sub-Saharan Africa exploring the effectiveness of integrating HIVST interventions within already existing HIV prevention and treatment programmes for MSM in Kenya at scale. Findings from this study will inform national best approaches to scale up HIVST among MSM in Kenya.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of community-based HIV self-testing delivery strategies on reducing undiagnosed HIV infection, and improving linkage to prevention and treatment services, among men who have sex with men in Kenya: a programme science study protocol

et al. 2019

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“…The final group of papers address the programme science of HIV prevention, which should provide evidence of who to target with which interventions, how to evaluate, adjust and continually strengthen programmes in response to feedback . Cowan and colleagues use programme data to inform a mathematical model in order to assess whether scale up of interventions for sex workers could contribute to elimination of HIV in Zimbabwe .…”

Section: Banbury Meeting and Supplementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximizing the impact of HIV prevention technologies in sub‐Saharan Africa

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“…Program Science was introduced in 2011 as “the systematic application of theoretical and empirical scientific knowledge to improve the design, implementation, and evaluation of public health programs” [ 170 ]. It proposed an iterative, multi-phase, and interdisciplinary framework whereby programs drive scientific inquiry, and both program and science are aligned towards a collective goal of improving population health [ 171 ]. Three spheres in a program cycle included: (1) strategic planning to make informed decisions about program priorities and resource allocation, so the program is aligned with the local epidemic context, (2) program implementation to make informed decisions about ‘where,’ ‘what,’ ‘how,’ and ‘for whom’ to deliver interventions, and (3) program management and evaluation to generate robust evidence for continuous improvements in program delivery and outcomes.…”

Section: Mainstreaming Aids: 2011–2021mentioning

confidence: 99%

The First 40 Years of AIDS: Promising Programs, Limited Success

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HIV-prevention program planning, implementation, and evaluation began in the United States shortly after reports of a mysterious, apparently acquired, immune deficiency syndrome appeared in summer 1981. In San Francisco, New York City, and elsewhere, members of LGBT communities responded by providing accurate information, giving support, and raising money. During the first decade of the AIDS pandemic (1981–1990), social and behavioral scientists contributed by designing theory-based and practical interventions, combining interventions into programs, and measuring impact on behavior change and HIV incidence. In the second decade (1991–2000), federal, state, and local agencies and organizations played a more prominent role in establishing policies and procedures, funding research and programs, and determining the direction of intervention efforts. In the third decade (2001–2010), biomedical interventions were prioritized over behavioral interventions and have dominated attempts in the fourth decade (2011–2020) to integrate biomedical, behavioral, and structural interventions into coherent, efficient, and cost-effective programs to end AIDS.

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The contributions and future direction of Program Science in HIV/STI prevention

Cited by 22 publications

References 51 publications

Evaluation of community-based HIV self-testing delivery strategies on reducing undiagnosed HIV infection, and improving linkage to prevention and treatment services, among men who have sex with men in Kenya: a programme science study protocol

Evaluation of community-based HIV self-testing delivery strategies on reducing undiagnosed HIV infection, and improving linkage to prevention and treatment services, among men who have sex with men in Kenya: a programme science study protocol

Maximizing the impact of HIV prevention technologies in sub‐Saharan Africa

The First 40 Years of AIDS: Promising Programs, Limited Success

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