The normal operation of the energy system is related to the security and stability of the region and even the country. Compared with inland areas, islands can become a precedent for building a low-carbon and zero-carbon society due to geographic advantage. However, they also have to deal with more vulnerable energy systems. Taking Chongming Island as a case, this paper discusses the necessity of energy transformation from external, internal, and geographic causes, investigates the possible path of resilient energy transformation for islands, and puts forward a series of policy recommendations together with possible ways toward resilient energy transition.