The control of lice on domestic livestock

Titchener, R. N.

doi:10.1016/0304-4017(85)90054-8

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, only 10 farmers clipped all animals in the herd before treatment, and there was no significant difference between clipped and unclipped herds. This result supported the recorded effect of the pyrethroid pour-on medicaments [ 32 , 22 ], and suggested that clipping was not a necessary part of an eradication programme.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

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Eradication of Lice in Cattle

Nafstad

Grønstøl

2001

Acta Vet Scand

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Nafstad O, Grønstøl H: Eradication of lice in cattle. Acta vet. scand. 2001, 42, 81-89 -The purpose of this field study was to develop and evaluate eradication as a strategy to control lice in cattle. Thirty-three herds of cattle were selected and observed during a period of two and a half years. Before eradication, biting lice (Damalinia bovis) were present in 94% of the herds and 27% of the animals. Sucking lice (Linognathus vituli) were present in 42% of the herds and 5% of the animals. These levels were very similar to those reported from other countries in Northern Europe. The eradication strategy was successful in 28 of 33 herds, but lice were still present in 5 herds 3 to 6 months after treatment. Biting lice were present in all these 5 herds, sucking lice were present in 3 herds. During the next 12 months, nine of the 28 herds were reinfected with lice. Six herds were reinfected with just biting lice, 2 herds with just sucking lice and one herd was reinfected with both. There was no significant difference between the 2 louse species regarding the risk of unsuccessful eradication or reinfection. The only significant risk factor for reinfection was either purchase of livestock or use of common pasture, combined with failure in pre-treatment of newly introduced animals.lice; cattle; Damalinia bovis; Linognathus vituli; eradication strategy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Pyrethroids are effective insecticides, and both deltamethrin and flumethrin have been shown to be nearly 100% effective against D. bovis and L. vituli in controlled studies [ 32 , 22 ]. Many pyrethroids are lipophilic which assists the development of pour-on formulations with good distribution [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eradication of Lice in Cattle

Nafstad

Grønstøl

2001

Acta Vet Scand

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“…The two most common species on cattle, Linognathus vituli (L.) and Haematopinus eurysternus Denny, were eradicated by subcutaneous injections of 100, 200 and 400 fig/kg, and 100% control was maintained for 14 days (at 100 fig) to 35 days (at 400 jug) (Barth & Sutherland, 1980). A single standard injection of ivermectin eliminated these parasites completely in 5-7 days and kept the animals free of parasites for at least 21 days (Barth, 1983;Leaning, 1984;Tichener, 1985). This was confirmed by Schroder et al (1985) on cattle infested with L. vituli.…”

Section: Anopluramentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Solenopotes capillatus Enderlein on cattle are also easy to control with a standard dose of ivermectin (Barth, 1983;Barth & Preston, 1985;Tichener, 1985); parasites were absent from 7 up to 28 days after injection while control animals remained infested. Although ivermectin was not ovicidal in these insects, the complete elimination of S. capillatus suggests that levels of ivermectin in the blood remained high enough for at least two weeks after treatment to kill newly hatched larvae that were in the egg stage at the time of treatment.…”

Section: Anopluramentioning

confidence: 99%

Avermectins in insect control and biology: a review

Strong

Brown

1987

Bull. Entomol. Res.

129

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In a variety of laboratory and field experiments, avermectins have been tested against some 84 species of insects in ten orders, most of which are pests of livestock or horticultural crops or are of general nuisance value. This work is reviewed, comparing doses used, methods of application, and responses of the insects. Avermectins (abamectin and ivermectin) are toxic to almost all insects examined, although tolerance varies and death can be uncommonly slow, taking 24 h to 30 days. There is a marked absence of information on physiological processes that are affected by the pesticides, although at the cellular level they are thought to disrupt receptors for y-aminobutyric acid and glutamic acid in the central nervous system and muscular system. At high doses, treated insects are progressively immobilized, and although initially many can move when stimulated, this ability becomes lost. Some show a disturbed water balance and become distended with fluid, while others show disruption of moulting and metamorphosis. Feeding inhibition is commonly observed at sub-lethal doses. Avermectins affect many aspects of reproduction including mating behaviour, egg development, oviposition and egg hatching. The possibility is raised that these diverse disturbances are not all due to disruption of neuromuscular or central nervous system synapses, and the need for work in this area is stressed. Field studies have shown ivermectin to be most valuable in eradicating insect pests of livestock, but the use of abamectin against horticultural pests has produced less impressive results. The limited work on non-target species is discussed, and attention is drawn to some possible environmental consequences of excreted ivermectin on dung-breeding insects.

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“…Deltamethrin, a type II pyrethroid, has been successfully used to control lice in cattle [13, 14], sheep [15] and goats [16] and is licensed for this purpose in various countries. The deltamethrin formulation which was used in the present report is licensed in Europe for flies and lice in dairy and beef cattle and ticks, lice, keds and blowfly strike in sheep.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of lice infestation in horses using a 10 mg/mL deltamethrin topical application

Castilla-Castaño

Vischi

Navarro³

et al. 2017

Ir Vet J

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BackgroundTwo open-controlled studies evaluated the tolerance and the efficacy of a 10 mg/mL deltamethrin-based pour-on solution (Deltanil®; Virbac, France) in treating (study 1) and preventing (study 2) natural Damalinia equi infestations in horses. In study 1, seven adult horses received 10 mL of the solution from mane to tail head on day 0 (D0). Four adult horses, living separately, served as non-treated controls. All were naturally infected. Lice burden was recorded by counting the number of live parasites, bilaterally, over seven anatomic regions. Lesional score was based on alopecia, crusts, papules/pustules, nodules/plaques, scales and wounds, each assessed on a 0–3 scale. Evaluation was performed on D0 and subsequently weekly until D56 in treated horses and on D0 and D56 in control horses. In study 2, six adult horses free of parasites were similarly treated on D-2 and D30. Two adult horses, naturally infested with D. equi and left untreated, were mixed with the treated horses from D0 to D60. Evaluation was performed similarly to study 1 on all horses, fortnightly until D60.ResultsNo adverse event was recorded in either study. In study 1, parasite and lesional scores of control horses were maintained on D56. Parasite scores of the treated horses were reduced by 98% on D7 and 100% from D15 to D56 (mean [SD]: D0 44 [58.4]). Lesional score in treated horses was reduced by 24, 82, 47, 91, 96, 93, 93 and 100% on D7, 15, 21, 28, 35, 42, 50 and 56, respectively (mean [SD]: D0 3.1 [1.8]).In study 2, the lice populations remained high in the two control horses throughout the study (max mean [SD]: D0 159 [151.3], min D45 34 [39.6]). On treated animals, all parasite counts were negative except on D15 (one louse found). The protection rate was 99.7% on D15 and 100% from D30 to D60.ConclusionsA single application of the 10 mg/mL deltamethrin preparation was effective and safe in the treatment and in the prevention of lice infestation in these horses. It was also effective in preventing new infestations for one month.

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The control of lice on domestic livestock

Cited by 16 publications

References 4 publications

Eradication of Lice in Cattle

Eradication of Lice in Cattle

Avermectins in insect control and biology: a review

Control of lice infestation in horses using a 10 mg/mL deltamethrin topical application

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