The control of soil-borne fungal pathogens in grapevine nurseries in Türkiye and their impact on sapling quality

Abstract

PPSVine (Vitis vinifera L.) is a commonly cultivated plant globally since it is not very sensitive to climate and soil, can be reproduced easily, is used in several industries, and is economically significant. In Türkiye, 4.2 mil. t grapes were cultivated in about 400 000 ha in 2020, and 246 000 t were exported with a revenue of 514 mil. USD (FA-OSTAT 2021). Despite the established viticulture in Türkiye, there is a significant need for sapling nursing due to ageing and fungal lignum diseases and new vines. The economic life of a vineyard is about 40 years (Ilter & Uzun 1991;Celik et al. 1991;Santos et al. 2020). Thus, several authors indicated that every year, 7.5-15.0 mil. saplings are required in Türkiye (Şen & Yağcı 2016).As in every sector in Türkiye, there are some problems in the vineyard nurseries. Vine cultivation, the most cultivated fruit in Türkiye, is sustainable with a healthy sapling supply (Cangi et al. 2019). In the last few decades, the interest in the impact of dieback on vine saplings and studies to develop control strategies against them have increased (Hallen et al. 2003;Lade et al. 2022). Investigations are generally limited to diagnosing disease pathogens and detecting susceptibility of the nurseries, cultivars, and rootstock