1992
DOI: 10.1016/0022-474x(92)90018-l
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The control of stored-product insects and mites with extreme temperatures

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Cited by 472 publications
(278 citation statements)
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“…Fields (1992) proposed lethal, sub-lethal and optimal temperature ranges for many stored product insects; 25-33°C is optimal for growth and reproduction, while; 13-25°C or 33-35°C are sub-optimal at which insects are able to complete their development and produces offspring, and lastly at < 13° or > 35°C insects eventually die. Changes in metabolic rate caused by fluctuations of temperature have a direct bearing on two important aspects of insect life cycles; one is locomotion for performing crucial activities such as mating and feeding and the other is growth represented by development and metamorphosis.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fields (1992) proposed lethal, sub-lethal and optimal temperature ranges for many stored product insects; 25-33°C is optimal for growth and reproduction, while; 13-25°C or 33-35°C are sub-optimal at which insects are able to complete their development and produces offspring, and lastly at < 13° or > 35°C insects eventually die. Changes in metabolic rate caused by fluctuations of temperature have a direct bearing on two important aspects of insect life cycles; one is locomotion for performing crucial activities such as mating and feeding and the other is growth represented by development and metamorphosis.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The above temperature values were selected since they belong to the most common thermal range (22-32°C), which prevails inside wheat storage facilities, in relation to beetle infestation in Greece (Athanassiou and Buchelos, 2001). In particular, the temperatures 27 and 30°C also belong to the optimum thermal range (27-31°C) for the development of S. oryzae (Howe, 1965;Fields, 1992). On the other hand, the minimum temperature required for the development of this species is 17°C (Howe, 1965).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Segundo Fields (1992), a temperatura ótima para o desenvolvimento da maioria das espécies de insetos de produtos armazenados se situa entre 25-33 ºC. Hagstrum & Subramanyam (2006) apontam, por sua vez, que em 30 ºC as populações de insetos de grãos armazenados aumentam rapidamente.…”
Section: Zeamais + L Minutus (E E F)unclassified
“…A falta de uma boa estrutura para infestação, umidade inadequada, porcentagem de impureza junto ao grão no momento do armazenamento, ação de pragas (Santos, 2006;Herrmann et al, 2009) e temperatura em torno de 30 ºC (Fields, 1992, Hagstrum & Subramanyam, 2006 estão entre as principais causas da deterioração dos grãos durante a armazenagem.…”
Section: Introductionunclassified