The Controversy of Cranial Bone Motion

Rogers, Joseph S.; Witt, Philip L.

doi:10.2519/jospt.1997.26.2.95

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Proponents of CST, however, state that this study is biased because the authors eliminated 81 skulls from analysis due to abnormal progress in suture closure such as premature closure and absence of ossification in sutures. 14,41 Also in contrast to the claims of continued movement at the cranial sutures, a computerized tomography (CT) assessment of the chondrocranium of 189 children between the ages of newborn to 18 years was performed to chronicle suture and synchondrosis development in children. Results demonstrated complete fusion in 95% of the females by the age of 16 years and 95% of the males by the age of 18 years.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…41 Specifically, these include simulating the craniosacral frontal lift technique (distraction of the frontal bone in an anterior direction) 15,48 on anesthetized adult rabbits, with progressive distractive forces in increments of 5 g (5, 10, 15 and 20 g) applied by an Instron load cell. A rabbit model was chosen for this study because of the similarity in sutural structure between rabbit and humans.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Craniosacral Therapy: The Effects of Cranial Manipulation on Intracranial Pressure and Cranial Bone Movement

Downey¹

2006

JOSPT

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Study Design: Quasi-experimental design. Objectives: To determine if physical manipulation of the cranial vault sutures will result in changes of the intracranial pressure (ICP) along with movement at the coronal suture. Background: Craniosacral therapy is used to treat conditions ranging from headache pain to developmental disabilities. However, the biological premise for this technique has been theorized but not substantiated in the literature. Methods: Thirteen adult New Zealand white rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) were anesthetized and microplates were attached on either side of the coronal suture. Epidural ICP measurements were made using a NeuroMonitor transducer. Distractive loads of 5, 10, 15, and 20 g (simulating a craniosacral frontal lift technique) were applied sequentially across the coronal suture. Baseline and distraction radiographs and ICP were obtained. One animal underwent additional distractive loads between 100 and 10 000 g. Plate separation was measured using a digital caliper from the radiographs. Two-way analysis of variance was used to assess significant differences in ICP and suture movement. Results: No significant differences were noted between baseline and distraction suture separation (F = 0.045; PϾ.05) and between baseline and distraction ICP (F = 0.279; PϾ.05) at any load. In the single animal that underwent additional distractive forces, movement across the coronal suture was not seen until the 500-g force, which produced 0.30 mm of separation but no corresponding ICP changes. Conclusion: Low loads of force, similar to those used clinically when performing a craniosacral frontal lift technique, resulted in no significant changes in coronal suture movement or ICP in rabbits. These results suggest that a different biological basis for craniosacral therapy should be explored.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Craniosacral Therapy: The Effects of Cranial Manipulation on Intracranial Pressure and Cranial Bone Movement

Downey¹

2006

JOSPT

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“…Upledger's (1978) study, showing how craniosacral motion examinations could be used to help diagnose a variety of disorders, was criticized, in a letter to the journal in which his study was published, on the basis of unreliable disorder definitions and unreliable cranial rhythmic measures (Steiner, 1979). One of the arguments for labeling practices as controversial, therefore, concerns the validity of the research to prove effectiveness (Rogers & Witt, 1997).…”

Section: Questionable Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Matthews (1988) noted that many of the treatments for the management of cerebral palsy were developed first from clinical observation; later, a theoretical framework was forged to account for the feasible neurological and physiological principles. Rogers and Witt (1997) suggested that qualitative research could provide an understanding of how and why craniosacral therapy might help a child, but we still need controlled single-subject studies and randomized clinical trials to provide outcome support for the practice. It is imperative that readers, researchers, and reviewers become well versed in yardsticks of good qualitative research so as not to confuse unanalyzed opinions and anecdotes with qualitative investigation.…”

Section: Questionable Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By putting careful pressure on the cranial bones, they manipulate this craniosacral rhythm to effect a therapeutic outcome in their patients. Although cranial bone motion has been embraced by a number of physical therapists, some are skeptical and consider the approach controversial (see Rogers & Witt, 1997). Conventional physiologists do not conceive of the cranial sutures as playing any significant role in this intervention, which is focused on a belief that unfused sutures can move throughout life.…”

Section: Therapeuticmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controversial Practices

McWilliam¹

1999

Topics in Early Childhood Special Education

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Clinical outcomes after revision hip arthroscopy in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) are inferior compared to primary procedures. Results from the Danish Hip Arthroscopy Registry (DHAR)

Mygind-Klavsen

Nielsen

Lind

2020

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc

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Purpose As many as 10% of primary hip arthroscopies end up with a revision arthroscopy procedure when treating patients sufering from femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). In general, revision procedures are indicated because of residual impingement, but only a few studies present outcome data from revision hip arthroscopy after failed FAIS surgical treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes after revision hip arthroscopy in a FAIS cohort and compare outcomes with a primary FAIS hip arthroscopy cohort and describe potential causes of failure after the primary hip arthroscopy. It was hypothesized that subjective outcomes improve after revision hip arthroscopy although outcomes were expected to be inferior to primary hip arthroscopic outcomes. Methods Three-hundred and thirty-one arthroscopic revision hip FAIS patients were included from the Danish Hip Arthroscopy Registry (DHAR). Patient-related outcome measures (PROM's), Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Scores (HAGOS), Hip Sports Activity Scale (HSAS), EQ-5D and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pain, were assessed in the study cohort prior to the primary procedure and at revision and at follow-up one year after the revision procedure. These data were compared with 4154 primary hip arthroscopic FAIS patients. Results One-year after revision surgery, mean follow-up (in months ± SD): 12.3 ± 1.6, signiicant improvements (p < 0.05) in all PROMs was demonstrated, but FAIS patients in the primary hip arthroscopic cohort demonstrated signiicantly higher outcomes, in all PROMs, when compared at one-year follow-up. Scar tissue, residual osseous impingement and insuicient healing of the labral repair were reported as the main reasons for revision surgery. The conversion to total hip arthroplasty was low (6.4%). Conclusion Revision hip arthroscopy in FAIS patients improves subjective outcomes signiicantly, although they are poorer than after primary FAIS hip arthroscopy. Main reasons for revision arthroscopy was scar tissue, residual femoroacetabular impingement and insuicient healing of labral repair. Level of evidence Level III.

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The Controversy of Cranial Bone Motion

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

Craniosacral Therapy: The Effects of Cranial Manipulation on Intracranial Pressure and Cranial Bone Movement

Craniosacral Therapy: The Effects of Cranial Manipulation on Intracranial Pressure and Cranial Bone Movement

Controversial Practices

Clinical outcomes after revision hip arthroscopy in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) are inferior compared to primary procedures. Results from the Danish Hip Arthroscopy Registry (DHAR)

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