The Conventional Gait Model - Success and Limitations

Baker, Richard; Leboeuf, Fabien; Reay, Julie; Sangeux, Morgan

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30808-1_25-2

Cited by 27 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate the sensitivity of the CGM model to marker misplacement of the lateral epicondyle marker within children with CP and 2) to identify a potential correlation between the error on kinematics and the misplacement magnitude expressed in percentage of anthropometric parameters of the patients. Our results demonstrated that the largest error on the kinematics introduced by the KNE marker when misplaced in the AP direction (Fig 2), which is in agreement with previous studies [9], [14], [16], [23]. The most altered angles were the hip internal-external rotation, the ankle internal-external Table 1.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…results showed a maximum of 25˚of variation on joint angles, with more incidence on the internal-external rotation for the overall joint angles. Finally, a sensitivity analysis by Baker et al [14] performed on the CGM showed errors up to -1.8˚of hip internal rotation and 2.2o f knee flexion for a misplacement of the KNE marker 5 mm on the anterior and proximal direction. All other angles showed a variation lower than 0.4˚, however, no information was provided regarding the methodology of their analysis.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 97%

“…This study was approved by the "Commission Cantonale d'Éthique de la Recherche" of Geneva (CCER-2018-00229) and all participants provided written informed consent. Gait data of ten children (6 males and 4 females, mean (standard deviations), [range]: 12.4 (4.7), [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] kg were included as a control group. One experienced examiner with more than 10 years of regular practice in marker placement and that follows guidelines for marker placement and anatomical palpation [20] has performed the marker placement.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gait kinematic was processed with the Vicon PiG clone, provided as CGM1.1 by the open-source library PyCGM2, which requires a static trial for calibration [21]. In agreement with the original version of the CGM PLOS ONE [14], the coronal plane of the femur was constructed from the hip joint centre, the KNE and the lateral thigh wand mounted marker. A systematic offset was introduced to the KNE marker along the AP and PD axis of the thigh to create a virtual marker.…”

Section: Testing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This model defines the lower limbs through a set of seven segments (pelvis, thighs, shanks, and feet). It is characterised by the computation of the kinematic output through a hierarchical top-down process [14]. Specifically, the KNE marker is involved in the construction of both thigh and shank longitudinal axis as it is used to define respectively the endpoint and origin of these two segments, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of knee marker misplacement on gait kinematics of children with cerebral palsy using the Conventional Gait Model—A sensitivity study

et al. 2020

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Clinical gait analysis is widely used in clinical routine to assess the function of patients with motor disorders. The proper assessment of the patient's function relies greatly on the repeatability between the measurements. Marker misplacement has been reported as the largest source of variability between measurements and its impact on kinematics is not fully understood. Thus, the purpose of this study was: 1) to evaluate the impact of the misplacement of the lateral femoral epicondyle marker on lower limb kinematics, and 2) evaluate if such impact can be predicted. The kinematic data of 10 children with cerebral palsy and 10 aged-match typical developing children were included. The lateral femoral epicondyle marker was virtually misplaced around its measured position at different magnitudes and directions. The outcome to represent the impact of each marker misplacement on the lower limb was the root mean square deviations between the resultant kinematics from each simulated misplacement and the originally calculated kinematics. Correlation and regression equations were estimated between the root mean square deviation and the magnitude of the misplacement expressed in percentage of leg length. Results indicated that the lowerlimb kinematics is highly sensitive to the lateral femoral epicondyle marker misplacement in the anterior-posterior direction. The joint angles most impacted by the anterior-posterior misplacement were the hip internal-external rotation (5.3˚per 10 mm), the ankle internalexternal rotation (4.4˚per 10 mm) and the knee flexion-extension (4.2˚per 10 mm). Finally, it was observed that the lower the leg length, the higher the impact of misplacement on kinematics. This impact was predicted by regression equations using the magnitude of misplacement expressed in percentage of leg length. An error below 5˚on all joints requires a marker placement repeatability under 1.2% of the leg length. In conclusion, the placement of the lateral femoral epicondyle marker in the antero-posterior direction plays a crucial role on the reliability of gait measurements with the Conventional Gait Model.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Testing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of knee marker misplacement on gait kinematics of children with cerebral palsy using the Conventional Gait Model—A sensitivity study

et al. 2020

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Pedicled fibular transfer for biologic knee extensor tendon reinsertion following proximal tibial resection in pediatric osteosarcoma: Long‐term outcomes

Alexander

Overland²,

Thomason

et al. 2021

Microsurgery

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Introduction: Proximal tibial sarcoma resections result in a reconstructive challenge, necessitating joint and extensor mechanism reconstruction. The gait and functional outcomes for children reconstructed with a combination of megaprosthesis and pedicled fibular flap for extensor mechanism reconstruction, are presented.Methods: Four patients, aged 11-18 years old, were available for comprehensive analysis. The proximal tibial osteosarcoma was resected, and the reconstructive technique involved a megaprosthesis for the knee joint, used in combination with a pedicled fibula flap as a biologic structure for reinsertion of the knee extensor mechanism. Outcomes were measured with three-dimensional gait analysis and patient questionnaires.Results: Minor postoperative wound issues occurred in some patients, requiring debridement with skin grafting. One patient fractured their transferred fibula, requiring fixation. The follow up period ranged from 1.7 to 24 years postoperatively. The longevity and quality of reconstructions were strong, measured by both objective and patient-reported outcomes. All patients reported independent walking >500 m in the Functional Mobility Scale and rated their walking as a nine or 10 (out of 10) on the Functional Assessment Questionnaire. Knee society scoring revealed overall satisfaction rate of 75-80%. No patients required gait aids. The gait profile analysis revealed effective gait patterns, with patterns deviating 5.4-7 from "typical gait." Deviations >6.5 are considered abnormal. Conclusion:The long-term results of combining a megaprosthesis with a pedicled fibula flap for extensor reinsertion, revealed a high level of independent function. The patients performed well, without the need for aids, and gait study evidence of minimal gait deviations.

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Robotics‐driven gait analysis: Assessing Azure Kinect's performance in in‐lab versus in‐corridor environments

Guffanti,

Brunete,

Hernando

et al. 2024

Journal of Field Robotics

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Gait analysis offers vital insights into human movement, aiding in the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of various conditions. Analyzing gait in corridors, rather than in lab, provides unique advantages for a more comprehensive understanding of human locomotion. However, limited dedicated technologies constrain gait data analysis in this context. In this study, a markerless gait analysis system using an Azure Kinect sensor mounted on a mobile robot is proposed and validated as a potential solution for gait analysis in corridors. Ten healthy participants (4 males and 6 females) underwent two tests. The first test (5 trials per participant) took place in the laboratory. Here, Azure Kinect performance was validated against a Vicon system, assessing eight gait signals and 22 gait parameters. The second test (2 trials per participant) was performed in the corridors over a 32‐m walking distance to compare this gait pattern with the one developed within the laboratory. The intrasession Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) reliability for in‐lab experiments was assessed by calculating the ICC between gait cycles captured in each session per participant. Notably, knee flexion/extension (ICC‐0.95), hip flexion/extension (ICC‐0.96), pelvis rotation (ICC‐0.88), and interankle distance (ICC‐0.98) demonstrated excellent reliability with high confidence. Similarly, hip adduction/abduction showed good reliability (ICC‐0.79), while trunk rotation exhibited moderate reliability (ICC‐0.72). In contrast, both trunk tilt (ICC‐0.24) and pelvis tilt (ICC‐0.41) consistently displayed lower reliability. This was observed for both the Vicon and the Azure systems, highlighting the intricate nature of capturing precise data for these specific signals in both systems. Validity outcomes indicated comparable error rates to literature standards ( knee flexion/extension, hip flexion/extension, and hip adduction/abduction), with 11 parameters having no significant differences from Vicon. Comparison of in‐lab and in‐corridor experiments show that individuals exhibit significantly longer stride time (1.10 s vs. 1.05 s), lower pelvis tilt ( vs. ), and lower minimum pelvis rotation ( vs. ) when walking in the laboratory. This study demonstrates promising outcomes in outdoor gait analysis with a robot‐mounted camera, revealing significant distinctions from controlled laboratory evaluations

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The Conventional Gait Model - Success and Limitations

Abstract: Th e c o nv e n tio n al g ai t m o d els u c c e s s a n d li mit a tio n s

Cited by 27 publications

References 42 publications

Impact of knee marker misplacement on gait kinematics of children with cerebral palsy using the Conventional Gait Model—A sensitivity study

Impact of knee marker misplacement on gait kinematics of children with cerebral palsy using the Conventional Gait Model—A sensitivity study

Pedicled fibular transfer for biologic knee extensor tendon reinsertion following proximal tibial resection in pediatric osteosarcoma: Long‐term outcomes

Robotics‐driven gait analysis: Assessing Azure Kinect's performance in in‐lab versus in‐corridor environments

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