The Conversion of 3-Indolylmethylglucosinolate to 3-Indolylacetonitrile by Myrosinase, and its Relevance to the Clubroot Disease of the Cruciferae

Searle, Linda M.; Chamberlain, Keith; Rausch, Thomas; Butcher, D. N.

doi:10.1093/jxb/33.5.935

Cited by 55 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…IAN measurements in CYP79B2ox lines and the cyp79B2 and cyp79B3 single and double mutants are consistent with IAN being a direct IAA intermediate. However, under certain conditions, IGs break down into IAN (Searle et al 1982), and this less direct route is also consistent with our data because the levels of IAN in CYP79B2ox lines and the cyp79B2 and cyp79B3 single and double mutants mirror IG levels. Although our data do not distinguish between these two models, analysis of cyp83B1 mutants argues against IAN being derived from IGs.…”

Section: A Framework For Trp-dependent Iaa Biosynthesissupporting

confidence: 91%

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Trp-dependent auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis: involvement of cytochrome P450s CYP79B2 and CYP79B3

Zhao¹,

Hull²,

Gupta³

et al. 2002

Genes Dev.

587

644

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The plant hormone auxin regulates many aspects of plant growth and development. Although several auxin biosynthetic pathways have been proposed, none of these pathways has been precisely defined at the molecular level. Here we provide in planta evidence that the two Arabidopsis cytochrome P450s, CYP79B2 and CYP79B3, which convert tryptophan (Trp) to indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx) in vitro, are critical enzymes in auxin biosynthesis in vivo. IAOx is thus implicated as an important intermediate in auxin biosynthesis. Plants overexpressing CYP79B2 contain elevated levels of free auxin and display auxin overproduction phenotypes. Conversely, cyp79B2 cyp79B3 double mutants have reduced levels of IAA and show growth defects consistent with partial auxin deficiency. Together with previous work on YUCCA, a flavin monooxygenase also implicated in IAOx production, and nitrilases that convert indole-3-acetonitrile to auxin, this work provides a framework for further dissecting auxin biosynthetic pathways and their regulation.

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Section: A Framework For Trp-dependent Iaa Biosynthesissupporting

confidence: 91%

“…1), can be formed from IAOx either directly by the elimination of water or indirectly via the breakdown of IGs (Searle et al 1982). CYP79B2ox lines 1D1, 1D3, and 1J3 have elevated levels of IAN compared with wild-type plants (Fig.…”

Section: Levels Of Iaa and Ian Are Elevated By Cyp79b2 Overexpressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trp-dependent auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis: involvement of cytochrome P450s CYP79B2 and CYP79B3

Zhao¹,

Hull²,

Gupta³

et al. 2002

Genes Dev.

587

644

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“…Already early work on clubroot showed that during clubroot formation, an increased synthesis and turnover of the putative host auxin precursors (see Fig. 2) indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx), indole-3-methylglucosinolate (indole GSL) and indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) have been detected in infected Brassica rapa roots (Searle et al 1982;Rausch et al 1983;Butcher et al 1984). Based on this experimental evidence it was hypothesized that if the indole GSL are key factors for the biosynthesis of IAA in clubs, then plants having little or no indole glucosinolates, and as a result less auxin, might be resistant to clubroot or should develop less severe symptoms (Butcher et al 1974).…”

Section: Auxins and Indole Glucosinolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

What can we learn from clubroots: alterations in host roots and hormone homeostasis caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae

Ludwig‐Müller

Schuller

2008

Eur J Plant Pathol

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The clubroot disease of cruciferous crops is caused by an obligate biotrophic protist, Plasmodiophora brassicae. The disease is characterized by the development of large root galls accompanied by changes in source-sink relations and the hormonal balance within the plant. Since the disease is difficult to control, it is of high economic interest to understand the events leading to gall formation. In this review we will give an overview on the current knowledge of changes brought about in the host root by this obligate biotrophic pathogen. Emphasis will be on the regulation of changes in plant hormone homeostasis, mainly auxins and cytokinins; the possible role of secondary metabolites, especially indole glucosinolates, in gall formation and auxin homeostasis will be discussed. Also, results from mutant analysis and microarrays using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana are presented.

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“…Indole-3-methyIglucosplants, and the secondary phase, which occurs in the inolate (IMG) is converted by myrosinase cortex and stele of the hypocotyl and roots (Ingram (EC 3.2.3.1) to indole-3-acetonitrile after disrup-& Tommerup, 1972). During this stage of infection tion of the compartmentation (Searle et al, 1982). the fungus causes abnormal tissue proliferation, Indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) is then hydrolyzed which is the result of an altered metabolism of auxins to IAA by the enzyme nitrilase (Mahadevan & (Butcher, EI-Tigani & Ingram, 1974;Kavanagh & Thimann, 1964;Rausch & Hiigenberg, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of indole‐3‐acetic acid in plants of tolerant and susceptible varieties of Chinese cabbage infected with Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron.

et al. 1993

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SUMMARYA convenient method for infecting Brassica seedlings in liquid medium with the phytopathogenic fungus Plasmodiophora brassicae was developed. The infection rates of two susceptible and two tolerant Chinese cabbage varieties with wild type P. brassicae were investigated. The content of free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was determined using combined gas chromatography-mass spectronnetry (GC-MS) with [^^Cg]-I-AA as internal standard during the first period of infection with the fungus (5-14 d) and compared with the indole glucosinolate content of two Chinese cabbage varieties (one tolerant, one susceptible) in tbe same developmental stages. The results showed that the mean of the IAA content in the infected plants was approximately 66-5 °(, bigber tban that of the non-infected controls. In botb the susceptible and tolerant varieties bigber levels of IAA were found in tbe infected plants 10 d after tbe beginning of incubation. After 14 d of incubation IAA levels decreased in tbe susceptible, infected plants and increased in tbe tolerant, infected piants.

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The Conversion of 3-Indolylmethylglucosinolate to 3-Indolylacetonitrile by Myrosinase, and its Relevance to the Clubroot Disease of the Cruciferae

Cited by 55 publications

References 12 publications

Trp-dependent auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis: involvement of cytochrome P450s CYP79B2 and CYP79B3

Trp-dependent auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis: involvement of cytochrome P450s CYP79B2 and CYP79B3

What can we learn from clubroots: alterations in host roots and hormone homeostasis caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae

Concentrations of indole‐3‐acetic acid in plants of tolerant and susceptible varieties of Chinese cabbage infected with Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron.

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