“…The overexploitation of fossil fuels and serious environmental problems connected with their excessive use have made authorities and scientists look for ‘clean’ and renewable alternative fuels [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Recently, a lot of attention has been paid to the use of biomass in the sustainable production of fuels and/or chemicals due to its wide availability and renewable and environmentally friendly nature [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Various thermochemical technologies including pyrolysis, gasification, combustion, hydrothermal liquefaction, and hydrothermal carbonization are used for the conversion of biomass to biochar, bio-oil, and non-condensing gases [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”