The cooling and energy saving effect of landscape design parameters of urban park in summer: A case of Beijing, China

Xu, Xiyan; Sun, Shibo; Liu, Wei; García, Ester Higueras; He, Li; Cai, Qi; Xu, Sijing; Wang, Jingjing; Zhu, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.05.052

Cited by 102 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Urban parks planning is of vital importance to regulating urban area microclimates [10,15,55]. There are two main considerations in urban park planning: location and park characteristics.…”

Section: Implication For Urban Park Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Cooling Effect of Urban Parks and Its Monthly Variations in a Snow Climate City

Yang

et al. 2017

Remote Sensing

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Urban parks have been shown to form park cool islands (PCIs), which can effectively alleviate the negative influences of urban heat islands (UHI). However, few studies have examined the detailed characteristics of PCIs, the effect of urban park features on their individual temperatures, and monthly variation in PCIs. Land surface temperature (LST) retrieved from Landsat 8 TIR images between May and October were used to represent the thermal environment. Urban park characteristics were extracted from high-resolution GF-2 images. Using these datasets, the relationships between urban park characteristics and PCIs were explored in this study using Changchun, which has a snow climate, as a case study. The results showed the following: (1) the urban parks exhibited a cooling island effect, and the PCIs showed significant monthly variations with the highest intensities in the hot months; (2) the effects of composition (e.g., park size and the percentage of water area) on LSTs and PCIs showed significant monthly variability and were stronger than the configuration effects. Furthermore, an unexpected, negative correlation between PCIs and the area of park grass was also found; and (3) larger parks tended to have stronger PCI intensities and extents of influence. For parks larger than 30 ha, the cooling effects extended approximately 480 m from the park edge between June and August. For all of parks during the study duration, the rate of temperature increase was highest within 60 m from the park edge. The PCI we employ specifically in this study is characterized by LST.

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“…Urban parks planning is of vital importance to regulating urban area microclimates [10,15,55]. There are two main considerations in urban park planning: location and park characteristics.…”

Section: Implication For Urban Park Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urban parks which can provide important ecosystem services to ameliorate the impacts of urbanization, such as noise reduction, recreational facilities, microclimate regulation, and air pollution reduction, have been shown to significantly mitigate the UHI effect during the hot season [10][11][12][13][14][15]. The …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cooling Effect of Urban Parks and Its Monthly Variations in a Snow Climate City

Yang

et al. 2017

Remote Sensing

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“…Employing this method and asking residents to identify places where they feel more comfortable from a thermal point of view provided a more comprehensible image of the residents' thermal comfort level for understanding [72,73]. In recent years, utilizing questionnaires and asking direct questions about the perceived comfort of citizens alongside micro-climatic perceptions have yielded valuable results [74].…”

Section: Park Cooling Effect and Thermal Comfort Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cooling Effect of Large-Scale Urban Parks on Surrounding Area Thermal Comfort

et al. 2019

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This empirical study investigates large urban park cooling effects on the thermal comfort of occupants in the vicinity of the main central park, located in Madrid, Spain. Data were gathered during hot summer days, using mobile observations and a questionnaire. The results showed that the cooling effect of this urban park of 125 ha area at a distance of 150 m could reduce air temperatures by an average of 0.63 °C and 1.28 °C for distances of 380 m and 665 meters from the park. Moreover, the degree of the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) index at a distance of 150 meters from the park is on average 2 °C PET and 2.3 °C PET less compared to distances of 380 m and 665 m, respectively. Considering the distance from the park, the correlation between occupant perceived thermal comfort (PTC) and PET is inverse. That is, augmenting the distance from the park increases PET, while the extent of PTC reduces accordingly. The correlation between these two factors at the nearest and furthest distances from the park is meaningful (p-value < 0.05). The results also showed that large-scale urban parks generally play a significant part in creating a cognitive state of high-perceived thermal comfort spaces for residents.

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“…Existing related research has determined the impact of individual elements of urban parks on the outdoor thermal environment and human thermal comfort. Xu et al [43] found that people's thermal comfort in the plant environment is better than in water and built environments. Klemn et al [44] found that grass and water bodies mitigate the effects of thermal discomfort, while thermal comfort is affected by the shape and height of the canopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor Thermal Comfort of Urban Park—A Case Study

et al. 2020

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Urban parks are an important component of urban public green space and a public place where a large number of urban residents choose to conduct outdoor activities. An important factor attracting people to visit and stay in urban parks is its outdoor thermal comfort, which is also an important criterion for evaluating the liability of the urban environment. In this study, through field meteorological monitoring and a questionnaire survey, outdoor thermal comfort of different types of landscape space in urban parks in Chengdu, China was studied in winter and summer. Result indicated that (1) different types of landscape spaces have different thermal comforts, (2) air temperature is the most important factor affecting outdoor thermal comfort; (3) because the thermal sensation judgment of outdoor thermal comfort research in Chengdu area, an ASHRAE seven-sites scale can be used; (4) the neutral temperature ranges of Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) in Chengdu in winter and summer were obtained through research; (5) and UTCI is the best index for evaluating outdoor thermal comfort in Chengdu. These findings provide theoretical benchmarks and technical references for urban planners and landscape designers to optimize outdoor thermal comfort in urban areas to establish a more comfortable and healthy living environment for urban residents.

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The cooling and energy saving effect of landscape design parameters of urban park in summer: A case of Beijing, China

Cited by 102 publications

References 53 publications

The Cooling Effect of Urban Parks and Its Monthly Variations in a Snow Climate City

The Cooling Effect of Urban Parks and Its Monthly Variations in a Snow Climate City

The Cooling Effect of Large-Scale Urban Parks on Surrounding Area Thermal Comfort

Outdoor Thermal Comfort of Urban Park—A Case Study

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