The Cooling Of Internal Degrees Of Freedom Of Polyatomic Molecules in Supersonic Free Jets

Jost, R.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-0281-7_10

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…While air and other diatomic gases have a specific heat ratio near 1.4 at room temperatures (Seibert and Nieh, 2016), this quantity drops for triatomic gases (Jost, 1996) and also drops at elevated temperatures (Ceviz and Kaymaz, 2005). Assuming a plasma temperature of 2800 K that consists mainly of carbon dioxide and hot water vapor (steam), a good specific heat ratio would then be approximately 1.17 (Marzouk, 2018b).…”

Section: Estimated Ideal Volumetric Power Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed and simplified plasma models in combined-cycle magnetohydrodynamic power systems

Marzouk

2023

Int. j. adv. appl. sci.

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Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is a subject concerned with the dynamics of electrically conducting fluids (plasma) and can be applied in electric power generation. As a unique technology for producing direct-current electricity without moving parts, it can be utilized within a high-temperature topping power cycle to be combined with a traditional bottoming power cycle, forming a combined-cycle MHD system. This study presents governing equations for the electric field and current density field within a moving plasma subject to an applied magnetic field. The modeling equations are described at four descending levels of complexity. Starting with the first level of modeling, which is the most general case, where no assumptions are made regarding the electric field, plasma velocity field, applied magnetic field, or electrode geometry. In the second level of modeling, the magnetic field is treated as one-dimensional. In the third level of modeling, a specific Faraday-type magnetohydrodynamics plasma generator channel is considered, having two continuous electrodes acting as parallel constant-voltage terminals. In the fourth (and simplest) level of modeling, an additional approximation is made by setting the Hall parameter to zero and replacing all vector fields with scalar quantities. For that simplest model, a representative set of operation conditions (electric conductivity 20 S/m, temperature 2800 K, supersonic plasma gas speed 2000 m/s with Mach 2.134, and magnetic flux density 5 T) shows that the optimum idealized electric power that can be extracted from a unit volume of plasma is estimated as 500 MW/m3. This is a much larger volumetric power density than typical values encountered in reciprocating piston-type engines (0.2 MW/m3) or rotary gas turbine engines (0.5 MW/m3). Such an extremely high power density enables very compact power generation units.

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Section: Estimated Ideal Volumetric Power Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed and simplified plasma models in combined-cycle magnetohydrodynamic power systems

Marzouk

2023

Int. j. adv. appl. sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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The Cooling Of Internal Degrees Of Freedom Of Polyatomic Molecules in Supersonic Free Jets

Cited by 1 publication

References 18 publications

Detailed and simplified plasma models in combined-cycle magnetohydrodynamic power systems

Detailed and simplified plasma models in combined-cycle magnetohydrodynamic power systems

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