The Cordilleran Ice Sheet

Booth, Derek B.; Troost, Kathy Goetz; Clague, John J.; Waitt, Richard B.

doi:10.1016/s1571-0866(03)01002-9

Cited by 120 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Elevations in the Cascade and Olympic Mountains exceed 3000 m, whereas the Coast Range is typically less than 1000 m in elevation. Bedrock slopes of the major mountain ranges are steep with relatively thin soils, but extensive terraces fill the Puget-Willamette trough and extend up the main river valleys (Booth et al 2003).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Using reference conditions in ecosystem restoration: an example for riparian conifer forests in the Pacific Northwest

2012

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Abstract. Quantifying the attributes of reference sites is a crucial problem in the restoration of ecosystems, driving both the evaluation of current conditions and the setting of management targets for specific points in the future. Restoration of riparian ecosystems, particularly those dominated by conifers, has become a priority because of the numerous ecosystem services they provide, including a high number of vertebrate species in population decline that utilize these structurally complex forests. By way of example, we illustrate a three-step process to assess the effects of proposed riparian ecosystem restoration efforts: (1) identify reference sites (2) quantify metrics that describe the reference sites, and (3) use models to predict the likely effects of restoration actions relative to reference conditions. To this end, we identified 117 natural, late-successional conifer dominated stands from existing forest inventories in the Pacific Northwest for the purpose of establishing reference conditions. We did this to establish quantitative metrics for structural attributes essential to the maintenance of biodiversity in these forests, and to assess whether there were any important quantitative differences between upland and riparian forests or whether upland and riparian forest reference sites could be used interchangeably. Both forest types were generally similar, but riparian stands had higher average live tree wood volumes and basal areas, suggesting they may be growing on sites that are more productive. Both riparian and upland forests had abundant large diameter (.50 cm) live trees and snags. Collectively, our data suggest that mature, late-successional conifer dominated forests have well developed structural characteristics in terms of abundant large trees in the overstory, abundant large snags, and a well-developed understory of shade-tolerant trees. We modeled the growth of young conifer stands to assess whether a common restoration treatment would accelerate development of structural characteristics typical of reference conditions. We found that left untreated, the stands followed a trajectory towards developing forest structure similar to the average reference condition. In contrast, the restoration treatment followed a developmental trajectory along the outside range of reference conditions.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Using reference conditions in ecosystem restoration: an example for riparian conifer forests in the Pacific Northwest

2012

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“…Several of the mountain ranges, notably the Coast and St. Elias Mountains, currently support ice fields, and valley-and cirque glaciers. On several occasions during the Pleistocene, the Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS) nucleated in these mountain regions, grew outward from high mountain valleys and coalesced to form a sheet of ice up to about 2 km thick over the plateau areas of British Columbia and Yukon Territory (Booth et al, 2003;Fig. 1).…”

Section: The Cordilleran Ice Sheetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the glacial history of the northern sector of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet with cosmogenic 10Be concentrations in quartz

Stroeven

Fabel

Codilean

et al. 2010

Quaternary Science Reviews

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“…The system is made of material deposited by Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets ( fig. 2) that extended into North America in series of advances and retreats of continental glaciers between 2.5 million and 12,000 years ago (Dorr and Eshman, 1970;Booth and others, 2003;Marshall and others, 2003;Mickelson and Colgan, 2003). In some areas, later glaciation removed old material and only material from the last advance is found; but, in other areas, glacial deposits from sequential advances and retreats are present.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized hydrogeologic framework and groundwater budget for a groundwater availability study for the glacial aquifer system of the United States

Reeves¹,

Bayless²,

Dudley³

et al. 2017

Scientific Investigations Report

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For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment-visit https://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS.For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit https://store.usgs.gov.Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. Suggested citation:Reeves, H.W., Bayless, E.R., Dudley, R.W., Feinstein, D.T., Fienen, M.N., Hoard, C.J., Hodgkins, G.A., Qi, S.L., Roth, J.L., and Trost, J.J., 2017, Generalized hydrogeologic framework and groundwater budget for a groundwater availability study for the glacial aquifer system of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5015, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175015. AbstractThe glacial aquifer system groundwater availability study seeks to quantify (1) the status of groundwater resources in the glacial aquifer system, (2) how these resources have changed over time, and (3) likely system response to future changes in anthropogenic and environmental conditions. The glacial aquifer system extends from Maine to Alaska, although the focus of this report is the part of the system in the conterminous United States east of the Rocky Mountains. The glacial sand and gravel principal aquifer is the largest source of public and self-supplied industrial supply for any principal aquifer and also is an important source for irrigation supply. Despite its importance for water supply, water levels in the glacial aquifer system are generally stable varying with climate and only locally from pumping. The hydrogeologic framework developed for this study includes the information from waterwell records and classification of material types from surficial geologic maps into likely aquifers dominated by sand and gravel deposits. Generalized groundwater budgets across the study area highlight the variation in recharge and discharge primarily driven by climate.

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The Cordilleran Ice Sheet

Cited by 120 publications

References 115 publications

Using reference conditions in ecosystem restoration: an example for riparian conifer forests in the Pacific Northwest

Using reference conditions in ecosystem restoration: an example for riparian conifer forests in the Pacific Northwest

Investigating the glacial history of the northern sector of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet with cosmogenic 10Be concentrations in quartz

Generalized hydrogeologic framework and groundwater budget for a groundwater availability study for the glacial aquifer system of the United States

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