“…As also cautioned by other researchers (Dobrow & Tosti-Kharas, 2011), one shortcoming of many previous studies investigating the effects of callings on personal and organizational outcomes is that they did not control for relatively stable personal dispositions that might explain the relation between calling and its alleged consequences. For example, empirical studies showed weak to moderate positive correlations between the presence of a calling and CSE (Duffy, Allan, & Bott, in press;Hirschi, 2011), the basic, fundamental appraisal of one's worthiness, effectiveness, and capability as a person (Judge, Erez, Bono, & Thoresen, 2003). Research has also shown that CSE are related to a number of personal, career, and organizational outcomes, including life satisfaction, career self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and vocational identity (Erez & Judge, 2001;Hirschi, 2011;Judge, Van Vianen, & De Pater, 2004).…”