The corneal endothelium: clinical review of endothelial cell health and function

Gupta, Preeya K.; Berdahl, John P.; Chan, Clara C.; Rocha, Karolinne Maia; Yeu, Elizabeth; Ayres, Brandon D.; Farid, Marjan; Lee, W. Barry; Beckman, Kenneth A.; Kim, Terry; Holland, Edward J.; Mah, Francis S.

doi:10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000650

Cited by 31 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…An additional physiological parameter to consider is the decrease in the endothelial cell quantity at a rate of approximately 0.5-0.6% per year [60,61], slightly more in the peripheral cornea [62]. The primary function of this layer is to maintain corneal clarity through its pump action.…”

Section: Dry Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

Vision through Healthy Aging Eyes

Erdinest

London²,

Lavy

et al. 2021

Vision

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As life expectancy grows, so too will the number of people adversely affected by age. Although it is acknowledged that many conditions and diseases are associated with age, this mini-review will present a current update of the various visual changes that generally occur in healthy individuals disregarding the possible effects of illness. These alterations influence how the world is perceived and in turn can affect efficiency or the ability to perform ordinary daily tasks such as driving or reading. The most common physical developments include a decreased pupil size and retinal luminance as well as changes both in intercellular and intracellular connections within the retina along the pathway to the visual cortex and within the visual cortex. The quantity and the physical location of retinal cells including photoreceptors, ganglion and bipolar retinal cells are modified. The clarity of intraocular organs, such as the intraocular lens, decreases. These all result in common visual manifestations that include reduced visual acuity, dry eyes, motility changes, a contraction of the visual field, presbyopia, reduced contrast sensitivity, slow dark adaptation, recovery from glare, variation in color vision and a decreased visual processing speed. Highlighting these prevalent issues as well as current and possible future innovations will assist providers to formulate treatments and thereby conserve maximum independence and mobility in the modern mature population.

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Section: Dry Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

Vision through Healthy Aging Eyes

Erdinest

London²,

Lavy

et al. 2021

Vision

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“…[16][17][18] The endothelial cell is a critical structure for the cornea and is responsible for maintaining corneal transparency through its pump function. 19 Corneal endothelial cells do not have sufficient mitotic activity to replace cell loss caused by any damage. To repair the damage that has occurred, the remaining endothelial cells expand and migrate to fill the gaps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of the Corneal Endothelium in Pediatric Patients With COVID-19

Soysal,

Seyyar,

Kimyon

et al. 2023

Eye &Amp; Contact Lens: Science &Amp; Clinical Practice

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Purpose: To investigate the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection on the corneal endothelium in children. Methods: This retrospective study included 46 pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection and 38 healthy controls. Specular microscopy measurements were analyzed, and measurements were obtained from images showing at least 100 cells with clear borders. Mean endothelial cell density, mean hexagonal cell percentage (HEX), mean coefficient of variation (CV), central corneal thickness, and mean cell area were evaluated. Results: Specular microscopy data showed that the CV values were 2.442±6.517 in the healthy control group (HCG) and 2.659±5.119 in the COVID-19–affected group (CAG) (P=0.003). The hexagonality of the HCG and CAG were 6.916±8.271 and 6.683±5.885, respectively (P=0.011). Conclusion: A decrease in the HEX and an increase in the CV were observed in the corneal specular microscopic examination of children with COVID-19 infection. These results are important in demonstrating the corneal effects of COVID-19 infection in children.

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“…1 In addition to causing glaucomatous optic nerve damage, elevated IOP also negatively affects corneal graft health because of damage to the endothelial cells, leading to increased rates of both graft failure and retransplants. 6,20 Furthermore, glaucomatous eyes have an increased level of inflammatory cytokines and more robust inflammatory response than nonglaucomatous eyes. 21 Thus, both increased IOP and hyperinflammatory state may contribute to graft survivability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%