The Corning Archaeological Reference Glasses: New Values for “Old” Compositions

Adlington, Laura Ware

doi:10.5334/pia-515

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Totals were 98-102% and were normalised to 100% for comparative purposes. Secondary standards Corning D (Adlington, 2017;Brill, 1999) and the ESFfunded medieval glass standards prepared by Pilkington Brothers Ltd for Newton (1977a) were analysed to assess data quality of the analyses; analyses were typically within 6% relative of the accepted compositions and CaO and SiO2 better than 1%.The mirror glass was analysed in 1994 in the British Museum research laboratories using a JEOL JSM 840 scanning electron microscope equipped with an Oxford Instruments LINK Systems 860 energy dispersive spectrometer. Operating conditions were 35 o take-off angle, 15kV accelerating potential and 200s counting livetime with and a beam current of 1.7nA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional patterns in medieval European glass composition as a provenancing tool

Adlington

Freestone

Kunicki-Goldfinger

et al. 2019

Journal of Archaeological Science

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A legacy dataset of 1329 major element analyses of medieval glass (12 th-15 th centuries) has been compiled and analysed for geographical distribution of compositional characteristics. Three regional compositional types may be distinguished using simple elemental plots, associated with glass production in northwestern France, in the region around the Rhine, and in central Europe. Distribution maps are presented to aid interpretation and use of the data. The application of the approach is illustrated through three case studies. Late thirteenth-early fourteenth century medieval stained glass from York Minster (n=91), late fourteenth-century stained glass from New College Oxford (n=79) and a single medieval mirror found in Egypt were analysed using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive analysis. The York coloured and white glasses were identical and consistent with an origin in NW France. In the late fourteenth century, the coloured glass samples from Oxford were from the Rhenish region, while the white glass is consistent with an origin in NW France or England. The mirror glass from Egypt is of central European origin, and similar mirror glass is known from Italy. The apparent dominance of German mirror production may reflect an advantage of the glass, which is low in iron. The meta-analysis of the legacy data shows significant potential for developing an understanding of the production and movement of medieval glass.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional patterns in medieval European glass composition as a provenancing tool

Adlington

Freestone

Kunicki-Goldfinger

et al. 2019

Journal of Archaeological Science

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“…Recommended values from Adlington (), Brill (), Vicenzi, Eggins, Logan, and Wysoczanski (), and Wagner, Nowak, Bulska, Hametner, and Günther ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Danish-German Jerash Northwest Quarter Project has been on-going since 2011 and investigates the settlement history of the F I G U R E 1 Regional map of Syria-Palestine with location of the study site of Jerash as well as surrounding contemporary cities of Petra and Umm el-Jimal. Also shown are glass production sites along the Levantine coast at Apollonia, Jalame, and Bet Eli'ezer [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] highest area within the walled city (Lichtenberger & Raja, 2015, 2017 ( Figure 2). The project explores mainly domestic complexes of this quarter of the city.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of Byzantine and Early Islamic glass from Jerash, Jordan: Typology, recycling, and provenance

et al. 2018

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Twenty‐two objects of glass from the Decapolis city of Gerasa, N. Jordan, with characteristic vessel forms ranging from Hellenistic to Early Islamic (2nd century BCE to 8th century CE) were analyzed for major and trace elements, and 16 samples for Sr‐isotopes. The majority were produced in the vicinity of Apollonia on the Palestine coast in the 6th–7th centuries CE, and strong inter‐element correlations for Fe, Ti, Mn, Mg, Nb reflect local variations in the accessory minerals in the Apollonia glassmaking sand. The ubiquity of recycling is reflected in elevated concentrations and high coefficients of variation of colorant‐related elements as well as a strong positive correlation between K and P. The high level of K contamination is attributed to the use of pomace (olive processing residue) as fuel, and a negative correlation with Cl, due to volatilization as the glass was reheated. This points to an efficient system for the collection of glass for recycling in Jerash during the latter part of the first millennium CE. Differences in elemental behavior at different sites in the Levant may reflect the context of the recycling system, for example, glass from secular contexts may contain less colorants derived from mosaics than glass associated with churches.

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“…Quantitative data were calculated based on the procedures described by Gratuze [31]. Instrumental precision and accuracy were monitored throughout the analyses by measuring synthetic reference materials (NIST SRM612, Corning A, B, C and D) at regular intervals (S2 Table) [32,33]. Analyses of NIST 612 generally resulted in a precision better than 5%, and accuracy better than ±5% with very few exceptions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and provenance of architectural glass from the Umayyad period

2020

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A large assemblage (n = 307) of architectural glasses (tesserae and windows) from the early 8th-century Umayyad residential site at Khirbat al-Minya was analysed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Trace element patterns are essential to establish the provenance of the base glass, while the comparative evaluation of the colouring and opacifying additives allow us to advance a production model for the manufacture of glass mosaic tesserae during the early Islamic period. The primary glass types are Levantine I and Egypt 1a, as well as a few older, reused tesserae, and Mesopotamian plant ash glass used for amber-coloured window fragments. Chemical data revealed fundamental differences in the colouring and opacification technologies between the Egyptian and Levantine tesserae. Co-variations of lead and bismuth, and copper, tin and zinc in the Egypt 1a tesserae provide first evidence for the production of different mosaic colours in a single workshop, specialising in the manufacture of tesserae of different colours. No such trend is apparent in the Levantine samples. Red, cobalt blue and gold leaf tesserae were found to be exclusively made from a Levantine base glass, indicating that the generation of some colours may have been a specialised process. The same may apply to the amber-coloured window glass fragments of Mesopotamian origin that exhibit very unusual characteristics, combining elevated copper (2% CuO) with an excess in iron oxide (5% Fe 2 O 3). These findings have significant implications for the production model of strongly coloured glass and the exploitation of resources during the early Islamic period.

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The Corning Archaeological Reference Glasses: New Values for “Old” Compositions

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

Regional patterns in medieval European glass composition as a provenancing tool

Regional patterns in medieval European glass composition as a provenancing tool

Geochemistry of Byzantine and Early Islamic glass from Jerash, Jordan: Typology, recycling, and provenance

Production and provenance of architectural glass from the Umayyad period

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