The Corona Phenomenon in Overhead Lines: Critical Overview of Most Common and Reliable Available Models

Stracqualursi, Erika; Araneo, Rodolfo; Celozzi, Salvatore

doi:10.3390/en14206612

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…In ( 6), an approximation of the input impedance Z in seen at the tower top at lowfrequency and/or for small h T is displayed as a function of the tower characteristic impedance Z T ; this approximated quantity should correspond to the reactance associated to L T in (5). Hence, the adopted low-frequency approximation allows to obtain easily…”

Section: Jordan Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IEC [2] and ANSI/IEEE [3,4] standards establish, on a solid theoretical and practical ground, definitions, principles, and rules, providing application guidelines and computational examples. Power systems insulation is exposed not only to normal stresses associated with steady-state conditions (e.g., due to corona effect [5,6]), but also to external and internal overvoltages. External overvoltages occur under lightning discharges, while internal overvoltages are caused by faults and switching operations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tower Models for Power Systems Transients: A Review

et al. 2022

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Fast-front transients play an important role in the insulation design of any power system. When a stroke hits the shield wire or the tower of high-voltage overhead power lines, flashover may occur either along the span or across tower insulators, depending on the relevant voltages and insulation strength. As a result, backflashover may take place from the tower structure to the phase conductor whenever a huge impulse current flows along the tower towards considerably high footing impedances. For these reasons, tower modeling for transients studies is an important step in the insulation design, and also for lower voltage applications, where indirect lightning effects may play a predominant role. However, after decades of research on tower modeling, starting from the 1930s with the first model proposed by Jordan, no consensus has been reached neither on a widely accepted tower model nor on the quantitative effect of the tower models on insulation design. Moreover, the fundamental mechanisms at the base of the transient response of towers and the definition of some fundamental parameters have not been totally clarified yet. The aim of this review is to present the available tower models developed through the years in the power community, focussing mainly on lumped/distributed circuit models, and to help the reader to obtain a deeper understanding of them.

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Section: Jordan Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tower Models for Power Systems Transients: A Review

et al. 2022

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“…Corona discharge is a kind of gas discharge phenomenon in extremely uneven electric fields, which often occurs around power equipment with large curvature such as burrs and defects [1]. Audible noise accompanies corona discharge, which is one of the important control indicators of the electromagnetic environment, and many standards also clearly limit the noise level at the boundaries of transmission line corridors and substations [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Acoustic Wave Generated by DC Corona Discharge Based on the Shock Wave Theory

Yang

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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The audible noise generated by corona discharge has the N-type characteristic at the initial generation stage, and it is a typical shock wave. This shock wave usually only exists around the corona source with a tiny range, making it difficult to obtain its characteristics through experimental measurements. An electrosound-combined simulation of the corona discharge based on the shock wave theory was conducted, and the development process involving the corona discharge, shock wave, and sound wave was simulated. First, the corona was numerically simulated based on the 2D pin–plate axisymmetric hydrodynamic model. It was found that the plasma was mainly distributed near the axis of the corona field where the electric field changed violently, and the maximum value of the electric field appeared at the head of the discharge channel. Then, the plasma energy was equivalent to the explosive energy, and a plasma explosion shock model was established. It was found that the shock wave pressure had obvious positive and negative pressure zones, and the propagation velocity decays to the sound velocity gradually. Finally, the shock wave pressure derived by the explosion model was used as the acoustic source, and the acoustic wave propagation process was simulated. The simulated sound pressure waveform had the same characteristics as the relevant experimental measurement results, proving that the developed method possessed strong applicability and gave rise to a new angle for the simulation of corona-generated audible noise.

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“…During operation in an open-air atmosphere, wires in cables of overhead power lines are subjected to various influences, such as Aeolian vibration, sub-span oscillation, galloping, and swaying due to wind, tension, atmospheric corrosion, icing, moisture, fretting wear between wires, strong electromagnetic field, possible lightning strikes, and so on [8,[14][15][16][17]. As a result of these external influences, changes occur in both the structure and microstructure of not only Al of the outer surface layers, but also the inner material of the wires of the cable cores [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structure of the Near-Surface Layer of the AAAC Overhead Power Line Wires after Operation and Its Effect on Their Elastic, Microplastic, and Electroresistance Properties

et al. 2022

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Overhead power-transmission lines are one of the most important components of modern infrastructure. Their service life is determined by the state of the near-surface defect layers (NSDLs) of wires constituting these lines. Both the structure and microstructure of the NSDLs of wires of the AAAC type (All Aluminum Alloy Conductor), which were in operation during 0 (new) to 62 years, were investigated by methods of the X-ray (XRD) and electron back-scattering diffraction, optical microscopy, and resistivity measurements, as well as by means of densitometric and acoustic measurements with layer-by-layer removal of the near-surface material by etching. Two characteristic thicknesses of the NSDLs were obtained, different methods providing close results, namely, ~30–50 μm and ~56–140 μm. According to the mass-density distribution (XRD), these characteristic thicknesses correspond to the depths from the surface where they occur, respectively, ~70% and ~99% of the density drop in comparison with the bulk density value. The rate of increase in NSDL thickness is ~4 μm/year in the interval from 0 to 18 years. Results of investigation of elastic and microplastic properties of wires after removal of ~35 μm of the upper layer are also presented.

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The Corona Phenomenon in Overhead Lines: Critical Overview of Most Common and Reliable Available Models

Cited by 17 publications

References 75 publications

Tower Models for Power Systems Transients: A Review

Tower Models for Power Systems Transients: A Review

Numerical Simulation of Acoustic Wave Generated by DC Corona Discharge Based on the Shock Wave Theory

The Structure of the Near-Surface Layer of the AAAC Overhead Power Line Wires after Operation and Its Effect on Their Elastic, Microplastic, and Electroresistance Properties

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