The Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic is Associated with a Substantial Rise in Frequency and Severity of Presentation of Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes

Magge, Sheela N.; Wolf, Risa M.; Pyle, Laura; Brown, Elizabeth; Benavides, Valeria C; Bianco, Monica E.; Chao, Lily C.; Cymbaluk, Anna; Balikcioglu, Pinar Gumus; Halpin, Kelsee; Hsia, Daniel S.; Huerta‐Saenz, Lina; Kim, Jane J.; Kumar, Seema; Katz, Lorraine E. Levitt; Marks, Brynn E.; Neyman, Anna; O'Sullivan, Katie; Pillai, Sabitha Sasidharan; Shah, Amy S.; Shoemaker, Ashley H.; Siddiqui, Juwairriyyah A W; Srinivasan, Shylaja; Thomas, Inas H.; Tryggestad, Jeanie B.; Yousif, Maha; Kelsey, Megan M.

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.08.010

Cited by 45 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Rates of prediabetes were increasing in 12‐ to 19‐year‐old youth prior to the pandemic [ 11 ], and the prevalence of prediabetes was greater among 12‐ to 19‐year‐old Black and Hispanic individuals in the 2015 to 2018 NHANES cycles [ 11 ]. Several studies have demonstrated marked increases in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among adolescents during the pandemic that ranged from 77% to 293%, with greater increases in Black and Hispanic youth compared with White youth [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Severe obesity was already present in many of those who developed T2DM [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have demonstrated marked increases in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among adolescents during the pandemic that ranged from 77% to 293%, with greater increases in Black and Hispanic youth compared with White youth [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Severe obesity was already present in many of those who developed T2DM [ 13 , 14 ]. In the only study, to our knowledge, that examined weight gain immediately prior to diagnosis, weight increased by a median of 11 kg (interquartile range: 6.1‐17.7 kg) [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Severe obesity was already present in many of those who developed T2DM [ 13 , 14 ]. In the only study, to our knowledge, that examined weight gain immediately prior to diagnosis, weight increased by a median of 11 kg (interquartile range: 6.1‐17.7 kg) [ 14 ]. The recognized increased risk of diabetes among 12‐ to 19‐year‐old Black and Hispanic adolescents compared with White adolescents [ 15 ], the increased risk of multiple complications associated with diabetes in Black and Hispanic adolescents and young adults [ 16 ], the marked increases in the prevalence of obesity during the COVID‐19 lockdown, and the increased risk of diabetes during the pandemic heighten the concern that a subsequent increase of T2DM will follow the COVID‐19 pandemic and disproportionally affect Black and Hispanic children who had excessive weight gain during the COVID‐19 lockdown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The COVID‐19 lockdown increased obesity disparities; will the increases in type 2 diabetes continue?

Dietz

2023

Obesity

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Objective The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of the increases in pediatric obesity during the COVID‐19 lockdown with the annual increases in obesity in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods This study compared two reports of increases in the prevalence of obesity in youth during the COVID‐19 lockdown with the annual rate of increase in obesity in NHANES. Results When expressed as multiples, the changes in prevalence among elementary school children observed in two population‐based surveys were 28 to 63 times greater than the annual changes in the prevalence of obesity observed in NHANES. Increases in Black and Hispanic youth were greater than those in White youth. The net impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown increased the disparities in obesity among this age group. Conclusions The rapid increases in obesity are likely to persist and may be associated with an increase in the prevalence of severe obesity as these children age. Furthermore, the increased susceptibility to diabetes in Hispanic and Black children, as well as the reported increase in diabetes among 0‐ to 18‐year‐old individuals during the COVID‐19 pandemic, may lead to an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes in minority youth with obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The COVID‐19 lockdown increased obesity disparities; will the increases in type 2 diabetes continue?

Dietz

2023

Obesity

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“…1 There has been further increase in frequency of T2DM in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. 4 T2DM in youth is a global health problem. In 2021, the estimated number of new cases of adolescents with T2DM worldwide was 41,600 with the highest incidence reported in China, India, and the US.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescents with Type 2 Diabetes: Overcoming Barriers to Effective Weight Management

Biggs¹,

Creo²,

Prissel³

et al. 2023

DMSO

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The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among children and adolescents has remarkably increased in the last two decades, particularly among ethnic minorities. Management of T2DM is challenging in the adolescent population due to a constellation of factors, including biological, socioeconomic, cultural, and psychological barriers. Weight reduction is an essential component in management of T2DM as weight loss is associated with improvement in insulin sensitivity and glycemic status. A family centered and culturally appropriate approach offered by a multidisciplinary team is crucial to address the biological, psychosocial, cultural, and financial barriers to weight management in youth with T2DM. Lifestyle interventions and pharmacotherapy have shown modest efficacy in achieving weight reduction in adolescents with T2DM. Bariatric surgery is associated with excellent weight reduction and remission of T2DM in youth. Emerging therapies for weight reduction in youth include digital technologies, newer GLP-1 agonists and endoscopic procedures.

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“…The highest rates of type 2 diabetes occur among American Indian, Black, and Hispanic youth . The COVID-19 pandemic has further magnified the trend of increased numbers of youth developing type 2 diabetes, likely due to multiple reasons, including unhealthful lifestyle risk factors of increased sedentary behavior, decreased physical activity, and weight gain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations for Screening Children and Adolescents for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes

Isganaitis

Laffel

2022

JAMA

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The Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic is Associated with a Substantial Rise in Frequency and Severity of Presentation of Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes

Cited by 45 publications

References 54 publications

The COVID‐19 lockdown increased obesity disparities; will the increases in type 2 diabetes continue?

The COVID‐19 lockdown increased obesity disparities; will the increases in type 2 diabetes continue?

Adolescents with Type 2 Diabetes: Overcoming Barriers to Effective Weight Management

Recommendations for Screening Children and Adolescents for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes

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