The Correlation Between Otitis Media With Effusion and Adenoid Hypertrophy Among Pediatric ‎Patients: A Systematic Review‎

Abstract

Otitis media with effusion (OME) affects approximately 80% of children due to the middle ear being flooded with fluids, though with no microbial infection manifestations. Multiple issues can drive recurring pediatric OME, such as environment-based issues, previous medical issues, inherited vulnerability from family, contact time at childcare institutes, passive smoking, and more than three siblings together with atopy or allergic rhinitis. If OME is not promptly addressed, this could eventually result in hearing impairment or loss, with consequent negative repercussions on the child's communicative and behavioral patterns. OME diagnosis within the clinic is possible, with hearing capacity being assessed pre-and post-therapy. Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) represents a typical causative factor for middle-ear conditions, stemming from mechanical or anatomical issues. Consequently, adenoid size is paramount when determining tympanometry types and ear fluids. This systematic review investigated PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct databases in order to retrieve knowledge related to this issue, adopting inclusion and exclusion criteria and maintaining review quality through the employment of the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR), the Newcastle-Ottawa tool, and the Axis scale. This systematic review analyzed a previous review article, six observation-based investigations, and three cross-sectional investigations. Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were not found within previous literature, suggesting such scarcity in this research niche and thus warranting future RCT investigations based on this compelling research niche.

Diagnostic Methods for <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>

“…Sensitivity and specificity are essential indicators of test accuracy and allow healthcare providers to determine the appropriateness of the diagnostic tool aiding in decision-making and improving healthcare for patients [23]. It is critical to use at least two diagnostic tests with high sensitivity and specificity based on the clinical situation to achieve an accurate diagnosis of the pathogen [24, 25]. Therefore, the sensitivity, specificity, and limitations of the H. pylori detection test, which plays a critical role in the accurate diagnosis and assessment of the presence of the bacteria, are presented in Table 2.…”

Adenoid hypertrophy in children: a narrative review of pathogenesis and clinical relevance

“…This can result in serious middle-ear conditions, such as otitis media with effusion (OME). 15 IMMUNOLOGICAL ROLE Contact between antigens and immunocompetent cells is possible thanks to microfold cells (M cells). 16 Their characteristic feature is the presence of surface microfolds and cytoplasmic cavities forming crypts.…”

“…Furthermore, pathogens may migrate from the adenoid surface to the middle ear space. This can result in serious middle-ear conditions, such as otitis media with effusion (OME) 15…”

Otitis media with effusion in preschool children with adenoid hypertrophy: Risk factors and nursing care

“…OME is a non‐suppurative middle ear inflammatory disease characterized by hearing loss, an intact tympanic membrane and effusion in the mastoid cavity of the middle ear (Mashat et al., 2022). OME often occurs in children and is one of the main causes of hearing loss in children (Songu et al., 2020).…”