The correlation between structure, multifunctional properties and applications of PVD MAX phase coatings. Part II. Texture and high-temperature properties

Abstract

MAX phase materials possess an optimum combination of both high-temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance, and superior mechanical and tribological properties. As a consequence, they are being considered for a number of structural and non-structural hightemperature applications, in particular, for aerospace uses for example both as a protective coating for turbine blades and as bulk-structural substrates for the deposition of thermal barrier coatings (TBC).With a view to some of the applications, there is a necessity to review in Part II studies related to the influence of preferential orientation (basal plane direction) of individual nanolayered grains of bulk MAX phase ceramics and crystallographical-morphological texture of MAX phase coatings, synthesised by PVD techniques, on their oxidation mechanism, particle erosion and self-healing behaviour.

Synthesis, Structure and Protective Properties of PVD Max Phase Coatings. A Review. Part I. Max Phase Coatings Deposition

“…The chemical diversity of MAX phases is key to optimizing their properties for potential applications. The presence of strong M-X bonds and weaker M-A bonds gives these compounds a unique combination of properties [3,4,[14][15][16][17]:…”

“…The results of experimental and theoretical studies indicate a high potential for the use of coatings based on MAX phases [15][16][17][18][19]. Excellent mechanical properties, high electrical and thermal conductivity, damage resistance, self-healing ability, high thermal stability, and outstanding resistance to oxidation, corrosion, and abrasion make such coatings useful for many applications.…”

The Dual Character of MAX Phase Nano-Layered Structure Highlighted by Supersonic Particles Deposition

“…Thus, a method used at a large industrial scale is needed to obtain high-purity coatings. Usually, this is realized mainly by four deposition techniques: magnetron sputtering [8], physical vapour deposition (PVD) [9], aerosol deposition method (ADM) [10], and thermal spraying [11][12][13]. The magnetron sputtering method allows the epitaxial growth of MAX phase compounds 211 and 312 type, at a temperature of around 900 • C. At lower temperatures, there is a decrease in the amount of MAX phase on the substrate.…”

“…To avoid the grain growth and have good nucleation of MAX phase compounds, a 200 Å layer of TiC (111) was deposited first onto the substrate [8]. In the PVD process, the addition of dopants, such as Y, Hf, Ta modulates the deposition conditions, to obtain coatings with self-healing capabilities [9]. Compared with the PVD, the deposition rate in ADM is much higher and is established by the shock-loading build-up of high-velocity particles that arrive on the substrate [10].…”

The influence of coating application modes based on the Ti-Al-C MAX-phase system by vacuum-arc deposition on the structure and phase composition of the coating

“…Высокая стойкость к окислению характерна, например, для МАХ-фаз группы Ti-Al-C, а именно характерна для соединений Ti2AlC и Ti3AlC2 [6]. Жаростойкость МАХ фаз Ti-Al-C обусловлена формированием на поверхности плотного и стабильного оксида алюминия α-Al2O3 с высокой адгезией и жаростойкостью при температурах на поверхности до 1400 °C [7,8].…”