The Correlation Between the Electronegativities and the Standard Potentials

Abstract

The linear correlations are analyzed between the empirical electronegativities χ a of metals and non-metals and their standard potentials E o . The correlation intersection corresponds to the transfer from metals to non-metals, characterized by the intermediate electronegativity χ a,interm and the standard potential E o ∼+ 0.5 V SHE which is close to Billiter potential +0.475 V SHE. The electronegativity χ a,interm and E o ∼ +0.5 V SHE would correspond to some hypothetical substance (neither metal nor non-metal) without own chemical actiity. This would be due to the intermediate non-specific (definite coulomb) bond of its outer electrons. This bond is not enough unstable (as metallic bonds) for breaking and not enough stable (as non-metallic bonds) for accepting electrons. Spontaneous half-reactions-interactions of Red - and Ox - forms on electrodes are due to the break Red + H2O → Ox + ne interm and formation Ox + ne interm + H2O → Red of specific (chemical) electron bonds with Ox-forms, where ne interm are electrons without specific bond with Ox-forms. The instant division of electrons ne interm, ions and polarized water molecules of formed intermediate complexes leads to the appearance of double-electric layers on electrodes.