The Correlation of Free Health Screenings at Community Pharmacies on Diabetes

Staudt, Anna; Amtower, Jessica E; George, Jeniffer; Daniels, Nicholas C; Allou, Jacques N; Laswell, Emily M.; Ballentine, Jeb

doi:10.24926/iip.v8i2.511

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Since the publication of this research, the role, and importance of community pharmacies has changed and grown in terms of providing public health (e.g., immunizations, opioid rescue drugs, drug disposal) and population health services (medication management, health screening, specialty pharmacy) [ 3 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Other changes like the recovery from the economic downturn of 2008, healthcare legislation (e.g., Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act), the growth of continuity of care models, and the rise of outcome-based reimbursement systems warrant continued investigation of the market dynamics of community pharmacies in Minnesota [ 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 15 Year Ecological Comparison for the Market Dynamics of Minnesota Community Pharmacies from 2002 to 2017

2018

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Background: Understanding the factors that influence the market entry, exit, and stability of community pharmacies (i.e., market dynamics) is important for stakeholders ranging from patients to health policymakers and small business owners to large corporate institutions. Objective: The study’s first objective was to describe the market dynamics of community pharmacies for Minnesota counties in 2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017 by associating county (a) population density and (b) metropolitan designation with the change in the number of ‘All community pharmacies,’ ‘Chain community pharmacies’, and ‘Independent community pharmacies’. The study’s second objective was to describe the number and proportion of community pharmacies for Minnesota counties in 2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017 by (1) ‘Business Organization Structure’ and (2) ‘Pharmacy Type.’ Methods: County-level data were obtained from the Minnesota Board of Pharmacy, US Census Bureau, and Minnesota State Demographic Center for 2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017. Findings were summarized and the associations between study variables described using descriptive statistics. Results: The ratio of ‘Independent community pharmacies’ to ‘Chain community pharmacies’ was about 1:1 (466:530) in 2002, 1:2 (352:718) in 2007, 1:2 (387:707) in 2012, and 1:3 (256:807) in 2017. There was not a consistent relationship that carried through the 15 year analysis between county population density and metropolitan designation and the market dynamic patterns of community pharmacies. The types of pharmacy in Minnesota changed significantly over the study with increases in state, regional, and national chains and declines in single entity and small chain independents. There were also notable declines in mass merchandiser community pharmacies and increases in clinic and medical center community pharmacies. Discussion: The findings suggest that different or additional factors beyond traditional market dynamic predictors of population density and metropolitan designation were at play in each five year interval of this study. We propose that the traditional dichotomy of independent and chain community pharmacy groupings no longer provide an optimal characterization for the market dynamics of pharmacies today. Instead, community pharmacies may be better organized by their capacity to operate as healthcare access points that provide and are reimbursed for patient care and public health services like medication therapy management, immunizations, and more. Conclusions: The findings showed that community pharmacy distribution in Minnesota’s 87 counties has shifted between 2002 and 2017 from traditional retail models to emerging healthcare models based on population health needs. This signals the need for not only a new approach for tracking community pharmacy market dynamics but also adjustments by community pharmacies to remain relevant in a new environment of patient care services.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 15 Year Ecological Comparison for the Market Dynamics of Minnesota Community Pharmacies from 2002 to 2017

2018

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“…Since the publication of this research, the role, and importance of community pharmacies has changed and grown in terms of providing public health (e.g., immunizations, opioid rescue drugs, drug disposal) and population health services (medication management, health screening, specialty pharmacy) [3,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Other changes like the recovery from the economic downturn of 2008, healthcare legislation (e.g., Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act), the growth of continuity of care models, and the rise of outcome-based reimbursement systems warrant continued investigation of the market dynamics of community pharmacies in Minnesota [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 20-year Ecological Comparison for the Market Dynamics of Minnesota Community Pharmacies from 2002 to 2022

Schommer,

Olson,

Lee

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Understanding the factors that influence the market entry, exit, and stability of community pharmacies (i.e., market dynamics) is important for stakeholders ranging from patients to health policymakers and small business owners to large corporate institutions. The purpose of this article is to provide an update to a 15-year ecological comparison for the market dynamics of Minnesota community pharmacies from 2002 to 2017 [1]. Objectives: The first objective was to update the 15-year study [1] by describing the market dynamics of community pharmacies for each county in the state of Minnesota every five years over a 20-year period (i.e., 2002-2022). The second objective was to update the 15-year study by describing the number and proportion of community pharmacies for each county in the state of Minnesota every five years over a 20-year period (i.e., 2002-2022) by (1) ‘Business Organization Structure’ and (2) ‘Pharmacy Type.’ The third and fourth objectives were new for the 2022 study. In response to evolutionary trends in the pharmacy market, objective three described the number of Minnesota licensed pharmacies located in-state and out-of-state between 2002 and 2022. Objective four described the primary type of service provided by licensed pharmacies categorized as out-of-state in 2002 and in 2022. Methods: Data were obtained from the Minnesota Board of Pharmacy, US Census Bureau, and Minnesota State Demographic Center for 2002, 2007, 2012, 2017, and 2022. Descriptive statistics were used to tabulate and summarize the findings and test associations between study variables. Results: Over the 20-year study period, the total number of community pharmacies in Minnesota remained steady. Findings for 2022 were similar to those for 2017 regarding the effects of population density and metropolitan designation on the market dynamics of community pharmacies and regarding the organizational structures and types of pharmacies. The findings revealed significant growth in the number of proportion of pharmacies licensed in Minnesota that were located out-of-state. In 2002, there were 283 of these pharmacies (19% of the total). By 2022, this grew to 960 (46% of the total). Over that 20-year period, the number of mail order and medical supply service pharmacies rose from 196 to 413. The number of specialty pharmacy distributors rose from 37 to 230 and the number of compounding pharmacies rose from 33 to 202. Discussion: The findings confirmed the shift over the past 20 years from traditional retail convenience models to healthcare access models based on population health metrics. National scalability was another detected shift in order to have profitable margins for some services and was feasible due to advances in technologies. Conclusion: The findings showed that community pharmacy distribution in Minnesota’s 87 counties shifted between 2002 and 2022 from traditional retail convenience models to healthcare access models based on population health metrics and to nationally scalable models based on economic pressures. This signals the need for not only new approaches for tracking community pharmacy market dynamics but also adjustments by community pharmacies to remain relevant in a new environment of patient care services.

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“…If health problems are detected during screening, patients are referred immediately to a healthcare professional for additional evaluation and therapy. Studies show that patients are open and willing to participate in health services in community pharmacies [15]. Through greater involvement of pharmacies in patient care, the cost of health care has become less expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opinions About Community Pharmacy-Based Health Screenings From Patients’ Living in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia), Poznan (Poland) and Chicago (United States of America)

Waszyk-Nowaczyk¹

2021

FARMACIA

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The Correlation of Free Health Screenings at Community Pharmacies on Diabetes

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

A 15 Year Ecological Comparison for the Market Dynamics of Minnesota Community Pharmacies from 2002 to 2017

A 15 Year Ecological Comparison for the Market Dynamics of Minnesota Community Pharmacies from 2002 to 2017

A 20-year Ecological Comparison for the Market Dynamics of Minnesota Community Pharmacies from 2002 to 2022

Opinions About Community Pharmacy-Based Health Screenings From Patients’ Living in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia), Poznan (Poland) and Chicago (United States of America)

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