The correlation of salivary telomere length and single nucleotide polymorphisms of the ADIPOQ, SIRT1 and FOXO3A genes with lifestyle-related diseases in a Japanese population

Abstract

Background It has been reported that genetic factors are associated with risk factors and onset of lifestyle-related diseases, but this finding is still the subject of much debate. Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation of genetic factors, including salivary telomere length and three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that may influence lifestyle-related diseases, with lifestyle-related diseases themselves. Methods In one year at a single facility, relative telomere length and SNPs were determined by using monochrome multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction and TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays, respectively, and were compared with lifestyle-related diseases in 120 Japanese individuals near our university. Results In men and all participants, age was inversely correlated with relative telomere length with respective p values of 0.049 and 0.034. In men, the frequency of hypertension was significantly higher in the short relative telomere length group than in the long group with unadjusted p value of 0.039, and the difference in the frequency of hypertension between the two groups was of borderline statistical significance after adjustment for age (p = 0.057). Furthermore, in men and all participants, the sum of the number of affected lifestyle-related diseases, including hypertension, was significantly higher in the short relative telomere length group than in the long group, with p values of 0.004 and 0.029, respectively. For ADIPOQ rs1501299, men’s ankle brachial index was higher in the T/T genotype than in the G/G and G/T genotypes, with p values of 0.001 and 0.000, respectively. For SIRT1 rs7895833, men’s body mass index and waist circumference and all participants’ brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity were higher in the A/G genotype than in the G/G genotype, with respective p values of 0.048, 0.032 and 0.035. For FOXO3A rs2802292, women’s body temperature and all participants’ saturation of peripheral oxygen were lower in the G/T genotype than in the T/T genotype, with respective p values of 0.039 and 0.032. However, relative telomere length was not associated with physiological or anthropometric measurements except for height in men (p = 0.016). ADIPOQ rs1501299 in men, but not the other two SNPs, was significantly associated with the sum of the number of affected lifestyle-related diseases (p = 0.013), by genotype. For each SNPs, there was no significant difference in the frequency of hypertension or relative telomere length by genotype. Conclusion Relative telomere length and the three types of SNPs determined using saliva have been shown to be differentially associated with onset of and measured risk factors for lifestyle-related diseases consisting mainly of cardiovascular diseases and cancer.

Progress in the study of FOXO3a interacting with microRNA to regulate tumourigenesis development

“…Various cancer investigations identified that FOXO3a transcription factor has a significant inhibition, and its interactions with diverse microRNAs affected cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression, but this effect has an uncertainty in hepatocellular carcinoma. When miR-485-5p and miR-498 were combined with long-chain non-coding RNAs, respectively, FOXO3a acted as a cancer-promoting agent, it is possible that the incorporation of long-stranded non-coding RNAs leads to the alteration of the SNPS site of FOXO3a, which is proved to trigger cancer or increase the risk of cancer (70)(71)(72), and the specific reasons need to be further investigated in depth. The paper concluded the results of the interactions of twenty-five microRNAs with FOXO3a in malignant tumours such as breast, liver, gastric, colorectal, and prostate cancers: There were dual microRNAs synergizing with FOXO3a to restrain the growth of breast cancer cells miR-29b, miR-338, and miR-34b, miR-34c; and a single microRNA synergizing with FOXO3a to suppress hepatocellular carcinoma cells, such as miR-30b-5p, miR-124-3p.1, and miR-498 (Figure 3A), the tumour suppressor function of these microRNAs makes it possible to be the target of drugs for cancer therapy.…”