The Corrosion of Concrete

Parker, C. D.

doi:10.1038/icb.1945.13

Cited by 223 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…These microbial activities can lead to concrete corrosion, especially in gravity pipes. For many years the process of sewer concrete corrosion in the gravity sewer section was considered to be purely chemical (Olmstead and Hamlin, 1900) until it was revealed that the direct cause of sewer concrete corrosion, sulfuric acid, was generated biologically rather than chemically (Parker, 1945a,b, 1947). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ecology of Acidophilic Microorganisms in the Corroding Concrete Sewer Environment

et al. 2017

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Concrete corrosion is one of the most significant problems affecting valuable sewer infrastructure on a global scale. This problem occurs in the aerobic zone of the sewer, where a layer of surface corrosion develops on the exposed concrete and the surface pH is typically lowered from around 11–10 (pristine concrete) to pH 2–4. Acidophilic microorganisms become established as biofilms within the concrete corrosion layer and enhance the loss of concrete mass. Until recently, the acidophilic community was considered to comprise relatively few species of microorganisms, however, the biodiversity of the corrosion community is now recognized as being extensive and varying from different sewer environmental conditions. The diversity of acidophiles in the corrosion communities includes chemolithoautotrophs, chemolithoheterotrophs, and chemoorganoheterotrophs. The activity of these microorganisms is strongly affected by H2S levels in the sewer gas phase, although CO2, organic matter, and iron in the corrosion layer influence this acidic ecosystem. This paper briefly presents the conditions within the sewer that lead to the development of concrete corrosion in that environment. The review focuses on the acidophilic microorganisms detected in sewer corrosion environments, and then summarizes their proposed functions and physiology, especially in relation to the corrosion process. To our knowledge, this is the first review of acidophilic corrosion microbial communities, in which, the ecology and the environmental conditions (when available) are considered. Ecological studies of sewer corrosion are limited, however, where possible, we summarize the important metabolic functions of the different acidophilic species detected in sewer concrete corrosion layers. It is evident that microbial functions in the acidic sewer corrosion environment can be linked to those occurring in the analogous acidic environments of acid mine drainage and bioleaching.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ecology of Acidophilic Microorganisms in the Corroding Concrete Sewer Environment

et al. 2017

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“…Concrete corrosion due to the exposure to hydrogen sulfide in the sewerage environment was first reported by Parker [24] in 1945. Hydrogen sulfide gas induced by bacteria growth on the interface between the sewage and the pipe forms sulfuric acid.…”

Section: Bio-corrosion Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Analysis of International Precast Concrete Pipe Standards

Wong¹,

Nehdi

2018

Infrastructures

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Reinforced concrete pipe (RCP) standard guidelines and industry practice have rather been disconnected from the end-users' expectations. No genuine effort has so far been made to create synergy between the expertise gained and advances made around the world. With the advent of strong competition from flexible pipe products and changing end-user expectations, a critical look at the current state-of-the-art is needed. In the present paper, RCP standards from a study area representing a quarter of the world's population (Canada, United States, United Kingdom, China, Australia and New Zealand) were critically analyzed. Comparisons were made in terms of product and material requirements, structural load testing, hydrostatic performance, and durability requirements. It is shown that the RCP sector lags modern developments in concrete technology, standard code advances and materials innovations. The analysis also revealed various knowledge gaps in terms of the mechanical, hydrostatic and durability performance of RCP. Recommendations emanating from this critical analysis aim at tailoring performance-based guidelines that can better capture current market needs and user expectations.

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“…Concrete biodeterioration was reported in 1945 by Parker, who investigated the extensive corrosion process that was developing in concrete walls inside sewage systems (Parker 1945). Since then, several investigations were conducted demonstrating the adverse impacts of microorganisms on concrete elements under different microbial species and conditions.…”

Section: Background Biodeterioration Of Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

Best Practices for Maintenance of Concrete Bridge Elements Against Mold and Mildew Growth

Lence

Hassan

Zayor³

et al. 2014

Construction Research Congress 2014

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Bio-deterioration of concrete surfaces on vertical elements of bridges represents a serious challenge to the highway infrastructure in Louisiana, not only for its poor aesthetic appeal but also because of the accelerated deterioration that biofilm causes on concrete. This paper investigates the causes of biofilm proliferation on concrete, the consequences that these living organisms have on concrete, and the best methods used to control and eliminate biofilm growth on concrete. A literature review was conducted and a survey was developed and distributed among different states DOTs to determine current biofilm preventing and cleaning practices and their effectiveness. The survey results show that not all the states have biofilm growth, and that those that do, are located in warm and humid geographical locations. Results also suggest that the main cause of bio-deterioration of concrete surfaces is caused by micro-organisms' activity present at the surface. Furthermore, current practices used to prevent and clean biofilms growth are pressure washing, biocides, and addition of self-cleaning photocatalytic nano titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) coatings to concrete surfaces. Results also suggest that the use of self-cleaning photocatalytic nano TiO 2 coatings appears to be the most effective method in preventing microbial growth on concrete surfaces.

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The Corrosion of Concrete

Cited by 223 publications

References 0 publications

The Ecology of Acidophilic Microorganisms in the Corroding Concrete Sewer Environment

The Ecology of Acidophilic Microorganisms in the Corroding Concrete Sewer Environment

Critical Analysis of International Precast Concrete Pipe Standards

Best Practices for Maintenance of Concrete Bridge Elements Against Mold and Mildew Growth

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