The Corrosion Performance and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Zn Based Alloys—A Review

Jiang, Pingli; Blawert, Carsten; Zheludkevich, Mikhail L.

doi:10.3390/cmd1010007

Cited by 53 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 322 publications

(352 reference statements)

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“…The biocompatibility of the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy found in earlier studies [50,51] was confirmed by our results. We have shown that ECAP-induced changes in the microstructure did not worsen such biocompatibility parameters as induced hemolysis and cytotoxicity against blood cells.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Rationale for Processing of a Mg-Zn-Ca Alloy by Equal-Channel Angular Pressing for Use in Biodegradable Implants for Osteoreconstruction

et al. 2021

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Widespread use of Mg-Zn-Ca alloys in clinical orthopedic practice requires improvement of their mechanical properties—in particular, ductility—and enhancement of their bioactivity for accelerated osteoreconstruction. The alloy was studied in two structural states: after homogenization and after equal-channel angular pressing. Immersion and potentiodynamic polarization tests showed that the corrosion rate of the alloy was not increased by deformation. The mass loss in vivo was also statistically insignificant. Furthermore, it was found that deformation did not compromise the biocompatibility of the alloy and did not have any significant effect on cell adhesion and proliferation. However, an extract of the alloy promoted the alkaline phosphatase activity of human mesenchymal stromal cells, which indicates osteogenic stimulation of cells. The osteoinduction of the deformed alloy significantly exceeded that of the homogenized one. Based on the results of this work, it can be concluded that the alloy Mg-1%Zn-0.3%Ca modified by equal-channel angular pressing is a promising candidate for the manufacture of biodegradable orthopedic implants since it stimulates osteogenic differentiation and has greater ductility, which provides it with a competitive advantage in comparison with the homogenized state.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Rationale for Processing of a Mg-Zn-Ca Alloy by Equal-Channel Angular Pressing for Use in Biodegradable Implants for Osteoreconstruction

et al. 2021

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“…Coloured substances and pH-dependent dyes are generally included for visual monitoring of any pH changes [ 20 , 48 ]. The pH findings in our study were consistent with the Mg sample corrosion measurements, which showed that high corrosion rates dramatically increased the pH [ 49 , 50 ]. The connection between spectra and actual pH levels was evaluated using PLS modelling, as shown in Figure 5 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

In Vitro Monitoring of Magnesium-Based Implants Degradation by Surface Analysis and Optical Spectroscopy

Hassan

Rahmati

Barrantes

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Magnesium (Mg)-based degradable alloys have attracted substantial attention for tissue engineering applications due to their biodegradability and potential for avoiding secondary removal surgeries. However, insufficient data in the existing literature regarding Mg’s corrosion and gas formation after implantation have delayed its wide clinical application. Since the surface properties of degradable materials constantly change after contact with body fluid, monitoring the behaviour of Mg in phantoms or buffer solutions could provide some information about its physicochemical surface changes over time. Through surface analysis and spectroscopic analysis, we aimed to investigate the structural and functional properties of degradable disks. Since bubble formation may lead to inflammation and change pH, monitoring components related to acidosis near the cells is essential. To study the bubble formation in cell culture media, we used a newly developed Mg alloy (based on Mg, zinc, and calcium), pure Mg, and commercially available grade 2 Titanium (Ti) disks in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) solution to observe their behaviour over ten days of immersion. Using surface analysis and the information from near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), we concluded on the conditions associated with the medical risks of Mg alloy disintegration. NIRS is used to investigate the degradation behaviour of Mg-based disks in the cell culture media, which is correlated with the surface analysis where possible.

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“…The latter causes an increase in pH (over 7.8), and alkalization poisoning would induce toxicity [ 18 ]. There are several studies that investigated the effect of alloy design on corrosion control, including the use of calcium (Ca) [ [19] , [20] , [21] ], zinc (Zn) [ [22] , [23] , [24] ], gadolinium Gd [ [25] , [26] , [27] ], manganese (Mn) [ [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] ], strontium (Sr) [ 30 , 31 ], lithium (Li) [ 32 , 33 ], yttrium (Y) [ [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] ], and zirconium (Zr) [ 37 , 38 ]. It should be noted that the amount of second phase formation and its distribution and microstructural evolution can significantly influence the corrosion rate of Mg alloys [ 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential bioactive coating system for high-performance absorbable magnesium bone implants

Sarian

Iqbal

Sotoudehbagha

et al. 2022

Bioactive Materials

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Magnesium alloys are considered the most suitable absorbable metals for bone fracture fixation implants. The main challenge in absorbable magnesium alloys is their high corrosion/degradation rate that needs to be controlled. Various coatings have been applied to magnesium alloys to slow down their corrosion rates to match their corrosion rate to the regeneration rate of the bone fracture. In this review, a bioactive coating is proposed to slow down the corrosion rate of magnesium alloys and accelerate the bone fracture healing process. The main aim of the bioactive coatings is to enhance the direct attachment of living tissues and thereby facilitate osteoconduction. Hydroxyapatite, collagen type I, recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins 2, simvastatin, zoledronate, and strontium are six bioactive agents that show high potential for developing a bioactive coating system for high-performance absorbable magnesium bone implants. In addition to coating, the substrate itself can be made bioactive by alloying magnesium with calcium, zinc, copper, and manganese that were found to promote bone regeneration.

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The Corrosion Performance and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Zn Based Alloys—A Review

Cited by 53 publications

References 322 publications

Rationale for Processing of a Mg-Zn-Ca Alloy by Equal-Channel Angular Pressing for Use in Biodegradable Implants for Osteoreconstruction

Rationale for Processing of a Mg-Zn-Ca Alloy by Equal-Channel Angular Pressing for Use in Biodegradable Implants for Osteoreconstruction

In Vitro Monitoring of Magnesium-Based Implants Degradation by Surface Analysis and Optical Spectroscopy

Potential bioactive coating system for high-performance absorbable magnesium bone implants

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