The cortical organization of lexical knowledge: A dual lexicon model of spoken language processing

Gow, David W.

doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2012.03.005

Cited by 161 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 182 publications

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“…A similar view is presented by Gow (2012) based on the dual pathway organization of Wernicke's model POEPPEL, 2007). He claims that all lexicon models share an essential property: "word is a kind of interface that links representations of word form or sound with other types of knowledge" (GOW, 2012, p. 277).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Does the mental lexicon exist?

Sousa

Gabriel

2015

Rev. Est. Ling.

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Abstract:One of the central and most intriguing components of language processing to researchers is the mental lexicon. The term was used for the first time by Ann Triesman in 1961 and we still do not have clear answers on how it is structured and how much information it contains, or even if there is something to be called a mental lexicon. For some time, the mental lexicon has been compared to a mental dictionary both storing and organizing word knowledge; however, they are surely different in structure and quantity / quality of information. Neuroimaging studies have also tried to bring contributions to these questions. Some researchers believe that there are many lexicons, one for each level of stored information (ULLMAN, 2007): orthographic, phonological, semantic and syntactic lexicons. Another group of researchers (MCCLELLAND; ROGERS, 2003; SEIDENBERG, 1997, etc.) postulates the existence of only one lexicon where all information levels are integrated. Recently, a new Linguagem, Belo Horizonte, v. 23, n.2, p. 335-361, 2015 336 audacious proposal has been done by Elman (2009), the inexistence of a mental lexicon. In this paper, we discuss the different views of the mental lexicon structure and content, in order to question the architecture of the lexical knowledge in the brain as opposed to what can be consciously thought as the speaker's lexical knowledge. We try to proceed on the discussion of Elman's new proposal and confront it to data obtained by behavioral, neuroimaging and computational studies. This theoretical review briefly explains the evolution of the mental lexicon conceptions from the dictionary-like to the no-lexicon proposal. Keywords: linguistic knowledge; mental lexicon; network architecture; language processing; language description. Revista de Estudos daResumo: Um dos componentes mais centrais e intrigantes do processamento da linguagem para os pesquisadores é o léxico mental. O termo foi usado pela primeira vez por Ann Triesman em 1961 e até o momento não temos respostas claras sobre como ele é estruturado e quanta informação contém, ou mesmo se existe algo a ser chamado de léxico mental. Durante algum tempo, o léxico mental foi comparado a um dicionário mental, responsável por armazenar e organizar o conhecimento de palavras; entretanto, certamente há distinções em termos de estrutura e quantidade / qualidade de informação armazenada. Alguns pesquisadores acreditam que existem vários léxicos, um para cada nível de informação (ULLMAN, 2007): léxico ortográfico, fonológico, semântico e sintático. Outro grupo de pesquisadores ROGERS, 2003; SEIDENBERG, 1997, etc.) defende a existência de apenas um léxico no qual todos os níveis de informação estão integrados. Recentemente, Elman (2009) apresentou uma nova e audaciosa proposta: a inexistência do léxico mental. Neste artigo, discutimos as diferentes perspectivas de estrutura e conteúdo do léxico mental com o propósito de questionar a arquitetura do conhecimento lexical no cérebro em contrapartida ao que pode ser conscientemente concebido...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…It has not been localized probably because there is no consensus about its function (GOW, 2012). In face of these considerations, an important step for future research is certainly defining the lexicon's function, if it is a storage structure or an interface structure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the mental lexicon exist?

Sousa

Gabriel

2015

Rev. Est. Ling.

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“…At the functional level, interactivity between these networks might be observed in interfacing regions: for example, posterior MTG has been proposed as a e t al lexical store that binds phonological information stored in STG to amodal conceptual representations in the temporal pole (Gow, 2012;Hickok & Poeppel, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Newly-acquired words are more phonologically robust in verbal short-term memory when they have associated semantic representations

2017

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(2016) Newlyacquired words are more phonologically robust in verbal short-term memory when they have associated semantic representations. Neuropsychologia, 98. pp. 85-97. AbstractVerbal short-term memory (STM) is a crucial cognitive function central to language learning, comprehension and reasoning, yet the processes that underlie this capacity are not fully understood. In particular, although STM primarily draws on a phonological code, interactions between long-term phonological and semantic representations might help to stabilise the pho ologi al t a e fo o ds se a ti i di g h pothesis . This idea was first proposed to explain the frequent phoneme recombination errors made by patients with semantic dementia when recalling words that are no longer fully understood. However, converging evidence in support of semantic binding is scant: it is unusual for studies of healthy participants to examine serial recall at the phoneme level and also it is difficult to separate the contribution of phonological-lexical knowledge from effects of word meaning. We used a new method to disentangle these influences in healthy individuals t ai i g e o ds ith o ithout associated semantic information. We examined phonological coherence in immediate serial recall (ISR), both immediately and the day after training. Trained items were more likely to be recalled than novel nonwords, confirming the importance of phonological-lexical knowledge, and items with semantic associations were also produced more accurately than those with no meaning, at both time points. For semantically-trained items, there were fewer phoneme ordering and identity errors, and consequently more complete target items were produced in both correct and incorrect list positions. These data show that lexical-semantic knowledge improves the robustness of verbal STM at the sub-item level, even when the effect of phonological familiarity is taken into account.3

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“…This pathway is well known for its role in recognizing speech and sounds in both hemispheres (Dronkers et al, 2004;Hickok et al, 2007;Gow, 2012), and damage to its structures has been associated with the disorders auditory agnosia (Poliva et al, 2015) and semantic dementia (Noppeney et al, 2007). The auditory dorsal stream (ADS) connects the posterior auditory cortex (pSTG) with the Sylvian parietal-temporal junction (Spt) and inferior parietal lobe (IPL)/intra-parietal sulcus (IPS), which also connects with the IFG.…”

Section: Two Pathways Of Auditory Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

From where to what: A neuroanatomically based evolutionary model of the emergence of speech in humans

Poliva

2018

Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on the Evolution of Language (Evolang12)

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In the brain of primates, the auditory cortex connects with the frontal lobe via the temporal pole (auditory ventral stream; AVS) and via the inferior parietal lobe (auditory dorsal stream; ADS). The AVS is responsible for sound recognition, and the ADS for sound-localization, voice detection and integration of calls with faces. I propose that the primary role of the ADS in non-human primates is the detection and response to contact calls. These calls are exchanged between tribe members (e.g., mother-offspring) and are used for monitoring location. Detection of contact calls occurs by the ADS identifying a voice, localizing it, and verifying that the corresponding face is out of sight. Once a contact call is detected, the primate produces a contact call in return via descending connections from the frontal lobe to brainstem motor nuclei. Because the ADS of present day humans also performs speech production and repetition, I further propose an evolutionary course for the transition from contact call exchange to an early form of speech. In accordance with this model, structural changes to the ADS endowed early members of the genus Homo with partial vocal control. This development was beneficial as it enabled offspring to modify their contact calls with intonations for signaling high or low levels of distress to their mother. Eventually, individuals were capable of participating in yes-no question-answer conversations. In these conversations the offspring emitted a low-level distress call for inquiring about the safety of objects (e.g., food), and the mother responded with a high-or low-level distress call to signal approval or disapproval of the interaction. Gradually, the ADS and its connections with brainstem motor regions became more robust and vocal control became more volitional. Speech emerged once vocal control was sufficient for inventing novel calls.

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The cortical organization of lexical knowledge: A dual lexicon model of spoken language processing

Cited by 161 publications

References 182 publications

Does the mental lexicon exist?

Does the mental lexicon exist?

Newly-acquired words are more phonologically robust in verbal short-term memory when they have associated semantic representations

From where to what: A neuroanatomically based evolutionary model of the emergence of speech in humans

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