The corticothalamic projections from parietal regions of the cerebral cortex. Experimental degeneration studies in the cat

Robertson, Richard T.; Rinvik, Eric

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(73)90365-x

Cited by 41 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Even after very extensive parietal lesions in the adult cat, only a very few degenerating corticothalamic axons are seen in VA [Robertson and R invik, 1973], indicating that the degenerative changes and cell loss seen in VA in the present study are probably not due to a transneuronal degeneration of VA cells. Retrograde transport to VA [Robertson and Rinvik, 1973], indicating that the degenerative changes and cell loss seen in VA in the present study are probably not due to a transneuronal degeneration of VA cells. Retrograde transport to VA cells following parietal injections of HRP again supports the interpre tation that cells of VA send axons to parietal cortex.…”

Section: Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The cytoarchitecture of relevant lhalamic nuclei has been briefly dis cussed in a previous communication [Robertson and Rinvik, 1973] and only a few points need reemphasis. The region referred to in this commu nication as the LP has been divided by others [Graybiel, 1972;Ingram et al, 1932;R ioch, 1929] into a rostral-lateral lateroinferior nucleus (LI) and a medial-ventral-caudal LP.…”

Section: Normal Structure Of Relevant Thalamic Nucleimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thalamic Projections to Parietal Cortex

Robertson¹

1977

Brain Behav Evol

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Thalamic projections to parietal regions of cerebral cortex were investigated in the cat by retrograde degeneration and retrograde transport techniques. Studies of retrograde cellular changes indicate cortically projecting cells in the lateroposterior nucleus (LP), rostral pulvinar (Pul), and the ventral part of the laterodorsal nucleus (LD). When lesions were placed in the cortex of young kittens, clear chromatolytic changes and cell loss were also consistently observed in middle and caudal parts of the ventroanterior nucleus (VA). Investigations of retrograde transport following intracortical injections of horseradish peroxidase have confirmed the results of retrograde degeneration studies by demonstrating cortically projecting cells in VA, LP, LD, and Pul. Retrograde transport studies also indicate cortically projecting cells in the central lateral nucleus. Material from both experimental techniques demonstrates a loose topographic organization of the projections from the lateral thalamus. Anterior parts of LP project to the anterior lateral gyrus and anterior middle suprasylvian gyrus. Middle LP and rostral Pul project to the middle suprasylvian gyrus.

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Section: Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Normal Structure Of Relevant Thalamic Nucleimentioning

confidence: 99%

Thalamic Projections to Parietal Cortex

Robertson¹

1977

Brain Behav Evol

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“…In the cat, most studies emphasize the strong connections of area 7 with LP and pulvinar nuclei, whereas connections with the posterior medial nucleus appear to be minor. Moreover, some studies describe a gradient of connections where rostral area 7 is connected with the LP nucleus, whereas caudal area 7 is preferentially connected with the rostral part of the pulvinar nucleus (Robertson and Rinvik, ; Mizuno et al, ; Robertson, , ; Berson and Graybiel, ; Robertson and Cunningham, ; Olson and Lawler, ). The rostral–caudal gradient of area 7 thalamic connections in monkeys and cats may be related to the lateral–medial gradient of PPC thalamic connections in rats, in which PtP and lPPC are connected with the posterior complex, which is homologous to the anterior pulvinar in monkeys and posterior medial nucleus in cats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, we did not investigate possible differences in the size of neurons in layers 3 or 5 between subareas. In cats and monkeys, thalamic connections of area 5 appear to be similar to area 7 connections, namely, with LP and anterior pulvinar nuclei in monkeys and LP and posterior complex in cats (Graybiel, 1972;Robertson and Rinvik, 1973;De Vito and Simmons, 1976;Robertson, 1977;Graybiel and Berson, 1980;Robertson and Cunningham, 1981;Avendaño et al, 1985;Yeterian and Pandya, 1985;Schmahmann and Pandya, 1990;Amino et al, 2001;Cappe et al, 2007). Thus, architecture and thalamic connectivity alone provide insufficient information to decide whether area 5 exists in rats, and more detailed anatomical and functional studies are required.…”

Section: Homology Of Cortical Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posterior parietal cortex of the rat: Architectural delineation and thalamic differentiation

Olsen

2016

J of Comparative Neurology

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This study refines the characterization of the rat parietal cortical domain in terms of cyto‐ and chemoarchitecture as well as thalamic connectivity. We recognize three subdivisions of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), which are architectonically distinct from the neighboring somatosensory and visual cortices. Furthermore, we show that the different parietal areas are differently connected with thalamic nuclei. The medial portion of PPC (mPPC) is connected primarily with the medial portion of the lateral posterior nucleus (LP), whereas the lateral portion (lPPC) connects with the posterior complex (Po). The more caudolateral part of PPC (PtP) also projects to Po but can be distinguished from lPPC based on architectonic criteria. The primary somatic and visual cortices, neighboring PPC, are preferentially connected with the primary ventral posterior and dorsolateral geniculate nuclei, respectively, and less with the associational Po and LP. Particularly the border between the secondary visual cortex and the PPC has been a matter of controversy, but here we show that, although PPC subareas are connected with Po and medial LP, the medial and lateral secondary visual cortices are connected with lateral LP and a portion of medial LP different from that connected with PPC. The resulting delineations and specifications of connectivity with thalamic nuclei together with upcoming studies of cortical connectivity will facilitate detailed studies on the role of the subdivisions of PPC in the rat as diverse, higher order associative cortical areas, comparable to those described in the primate.for J. Comp. Neurol. 524:3774–3809, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…Therefore we propose that the apparent tonic hyperpolarization might well be a disfacilitation subsequent to an arrest of firing in excitatory inputs, especially from those originating in cortical layer VI. Indeed, layer VI CT inputs represent the greatest excitatory inputs in number and in density in the dorsal thalamus (Robertson & Rinvik, 1973; Singer, 1977), and they innervate simultaneously TC and TRN neurons (Bourassa et al 1995). In addition, the normal or epilepsy‐related 5–9 Hz TC and TRN rhythmic discharges are caused by the CT rhythmic firing (Pinault, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corticothalamic 5–9 Hz oscillations are more pro‐epileptogenic than sleep spindles in rats

Pinault¹,

Slézia²,

Acsády³

2006

The Journal of Physiology

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Absence-related spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) occur in the thalamocortical system during quiet wakefulness or drowsiness. In feline generalized penicillin epilepsy, SWDs develop from sleep spindles. In contrast, in genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (GAERS), SWDs develop from wake-related 5-9 Hz oscillations, which are distinct from spindle oscillations (7-15 Hz). Since these two oscillation types share common frequency bands and may contribute to SWD genesis, it is important to compare their thalamic cellular mechanisms. Under neuroleptic analgesia, in GAERS and control non-epileptic rats barbiturates abolished both SWDs and 5-9 Hz oscillations but increased the incidence of spindle-like oscillations. Within the thalamocortical circuit 5-9 Hz oscillations occurred more coherently than spindle-like oscillations. Intracellular events associated with 5-9 Hz and spindle-like oscillations were distinctively different in both thalamic relay and reticular neurons. In both cell types, SWDs and 5-9 Hz oscillations emerged from a significantly more depolarized membrane potential than spindle-like oscillations. In relay neurons, 5-9 Hz oscillations were mainly characterized by a rhythmic depolarization, which occurred during a tonic hyperpolarization and which could trigger an apparent low-threshold Ca 2+ potential, whereas spindle-like oscillations were characterized by a rhythmic hyperpolarization. In reticular cells, SWDs and 5-9 Hz oscillations occurred during a tonic hyperpolarization, whereas spindle-like oscillations occurred during a long-lasting depolarizing envelope. The difference in the intracellular events between 5-9 Hz and spindle-like oscillations and similarities between 5-9 Hz oscillations and SWDs indicate that in GAERS, 5-9 Hz oscillations are more pro-epileptogenic than spindle-like oscillations. In conclusion, the present study strongly supports the hypothesis that SWDs in GAERS are generated by a wake-related corticothalamic resonance, and not by sleep-related, hypersynchronous, spindle-like activity originating in the thalamus.

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The corticothalamic projections from parietal regions of the cerebral cortex. Experimental degeneration studies in the cat

Cited by 41 publications

References 41 publications

Thalamic Projections to Parietal Cortex

Thalamic Projections to Parietal Cortex

Posterior parietal cortex of the rat: Architectural delineation and thalamic differentiation

Corticothalamic 5–9 Hz oscillations are more pro‐epileptogenic than sleep spindles in rats

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