The COSMO-SkyMed Dual Use Earth Observation Program: Development, Qualification, and Results of the Commissioning of the Overall Constellation

Caltagirone, Francesco; Capuzi, Arnaldo; Coletta, Alessandro; Luca, Giuseppe Francesco De; Scorzafava, Edmondo; Leonardi, R.; Rivola, Stefano; Fagioli, Sandro; Angino, G.; L’Abbate, Michelangelo; Piemontese, M.; Faustini, E. Zampolini; Torre, Alberto Della; Libero, Carlo De; Esposito, Pier Giorgio

doi:10.1109/jstars.2014.2317287

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The single channel k-th image, acquired along the orbit with the orthogonal baseline k s' (see Figure 1), in a fixed pixel, is given by the integral superposition of the contributions of all the scatterers lying in the corresponding range-azimuth resolution cell, and located at different elevation coordinates s. A discrete estimate of γ can be found by ideally discretizing the integral operator. We can denote, with γ, the N × 1 column vector whose elements are the samples of the reflectivity at a fixed range and azimuth position, so the sampled received signal is related to γ by , = + u Φγ w (1) where u is an M × 1 observations column vector, w is an M × 1 column vector representing noise and clutter, and Φ is an M × N measurement matrix related to the acquisition geometry, whose generic element with index kl is given by We can denote, with γ, the N × 1 column vector whose elements are the samples of the reflectivity at a fixed range and azimuth position, so the sampled received signal is related to γ by…”

Section: Signal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A new class of SAR satellites, such as TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X (X-band), COSMO-SkyMed (X-band), as well as Radarsat-2 (C-band), are providing images with resolution in the meter regime, and dual or full polarimetric SAR acquisition modes. In particular, the future second generation of COSMO-SkyMed will have full polarimetric SAR acquisition modes [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban Tomographic Imaging Using Polarimetric SAR Data

2019

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In this paper, we investigate the potential of polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) tomography (Pol-TomoSAR) in urban applications. TomoSAR exploits the amplitude and phase of the received data and offers the possibility to resolve multiple scatters lying in the same range-azimuth resolution cell. In urban environments, this issue is very important since layover causes multiple coherent scatterers to be mapped in the same range-azimuth image pixel. To achieve reliable and accurate results, TomoSAR requires a large number of multi-baseline acquisitions which, for satellite-borne SAR systems, are collected with long time intervals. Then, accurate tomographic reconstructions would require multiple scatterers to remain stable between all the acquisitions. In this paper, an extension of a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT)-based tomographic approach, denoted as Fast-Sup-GLRT, to the polarimetric data case is introduced, with the purpose of investigating if, in urban applications, the use of polarimetric channels allows for reduction of the number of baselines required to achieve a given scatterer's detection performance. The results presented show that the use of dual polarization data allows the proposed detector to work in an equivalent or better way than use of a double number of independent single polarization channels. single bounce, double bounce, and volume scattering mechanisms [3]. For urban areas, the polarimetric scattering mechanisms are more complicated with respect to natural areas, due to the high variability of materials, and forms and sizes of the objects laying in the observed ground scene. Different approaches using fully polarimetric SAR data have been recently proposed [4]. In [4] the double bounce scattering form, the dihedral structure formed by the wall and the ground of a building, or the single bounce scattering from the roof or the wall, is considered, for a deterministic extraction of urban areas. However, the rotated dihedral scattering of a building, with a large orientation angle with respect to the radar look direction, results in a strong cross polarization component that can be misdetected as vegetation volume scattering [5].An alternative approach for urban area monitoring is SAR tomography (TomoSAR). TomoSAR [6] extends the conventional two-dimensional SAR imaging principle to three dimensions by forming an additional synthetic aperture in elevation, using a stack of multi-baseline interferometric images. A fully 3-D scene reflectivity profile along azimuth, range, and elevation is provided. The use of TomoSAR techniques allows the identification of multiple scatterers in the same range-azimuth resolution cell [7]. Tomographic processing can be performed by Fourier-based techniques, beamforming, or spectral methods, such as Capon, MUSIC [8], and the more recent CS (compressive sensing) [9][10][11]. In CS-based approaches, TomoSAR is performed as the recovering of a sparse signal by a convex l 1 norm minimization [12] while, in [9,10], the CS approach can improve resolut...

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Section: Signal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Tomographic Imaging Using Polarimetric SAR Data

2019

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“…The main objective of this study is to fill this gap, by assessing the classification's improvement of VHR MS satellite images of a complex environment made up of both urban and rural areas by incorporating in the classification workflow single-polarization X-band SAR data, like CSK ® [32], without the need of developing ad hoc algorithms. The expected benefit of including the SAR information is to achieve a better knowledge of the LC/LU fragmentation.…”

Section: Integration Of Cosmo-skymed and Geoeye-1 Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of COSMO-SkyMed and GeoEye-1 Data With Object-Based Image Analysis

Gianinetto

Rusmini

Marchesi

et al. 2015

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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This paper describes the potentialities of data integration of high spatial resolution multispectral and single-polarization X-band radar for Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA) using already available algorithms and techniques. GeoEye-1 multispectral images (0.5/2.0 m) and COSMO-SkyMed stripmap images (3.0 m) were collected over a complex test site in the Venetian Lagoon, made up of an intricate mixture of settlements, cultivations, channels, roads, and marshes. The validation confirmed that the integration of optical and radar data substantially increased the thematic accuracy (about 20-30% for overall accuracy and about 25-35% for k coefficient) of multispectral data and, unlike the outcomes of some new researches, also confirmed that with appropriate pre-processing traditional OBIA could be applied also to X-band radar data without the need of developing ad hoc algorithms

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“…Some of these advantages are the increase of the mission flexibility and reliability, the reduction in costs, and the capability to survive possible failures by task exchanges among the platforms. The number of programs involving multiple spacecraft -either recently launched or under development -confirms the great interest for such a mission concept [1][2][3][4][5]. One of the challenges of these formations lies in the design of the techniques which allow the spacecraft to autonomously accomplish the tasks of guidance, navigation and control, both for translational and attitude dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The problems concerning the relative positions among spacecraft were widely investigated in the past [6,7], producing as a result a deep theoretic knowledge in this field [8]. On the other hand, the problem of attitude coordination among spacecraft is more recent, because strictly connected by the real implementation of mission utilizing distributed sensors [1,4]. Attitude coordination is an interesting and open field of research, as it does allow to imagine of new missions concepts for tracking moving or fixed objects in Earth, in orbit or in deep space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitude coordination strategies in satellite constellations and formation flying

Felicetti

Palmerini

2015

2015 IEEE Aerospace Conference

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The coordination of the attitude among different spacecraft belonging to a multiple platform system (formation or constellation) is a basic requirement in several missions, mainly the ones involving sensors like radars or optical interferometers. It is also an open topic in research, above all as it matches the characteristics of the current trend towards interoperability and federated systems.\ud Different approaches are possible to define and chase such a coordinated attitude. The classic control strategy is the so-called leader-follower architecture, where all spacecraft depend on (“follow”) the behavior of a single master. Alternatively, the behavioral approach involves a continuous re-selection of the desired target configuration which is computed on the basis of the behavior of all the platforms. A third possibility is to define a “virtual” architecture, especially suitable with respect to the mission requirements, which is not dependent on the current kinematic state of the platforms.\ud The paper proposes a unified treatment of these concepts by using some fundamental definitions of the consensus dynamics and cooperative control. The convergence to the targeted configuration is addressed both analytically, by using Lyapunov stability criteria, and numerically, by means of numerical simulations. The attitude requirements and constraints are highlighted and a solution for the control algorithm - involving continuous actuators on each platform – is developed. A comparative analysis of different optimal control strategies, the Linear Quadratic Regulation (LQR) and the State Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE) - suitably modified to address the needs of coordination - is presented. The results show the general value of the proposed approach with respect to either linear or nonlinear models of the dynamics

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The COSMO-SkyMed Dual Use Earth Observation Program: Development, Qualification, and Results of the Commissioning of the Overall Constellation

Cited by 38 publications

References 2 publications

Urban Tomographic Imaging Using Polarimetric SAR Data

Urban Tomographic Imaging Using Polarimetric SAR Data

Integration of COSMO-SkyMed and GeoEye-1 Data With Object-Based Image Analysis

Attitude coordination strategies in satellite constellations and formation flying

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