The cosmological constant, the fate of the universe, unimodular gravity, and all that

Earman, John

doi:10.1016/s1355-2198(03)00063-7

Cited by 43 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…71 See Earman (2001) for a discussion of these models and different attitudes to the cosmological constant.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Einstein’s Role in the Creation of Relativistic Cosmology

Smeenk¹

2014

The Cambridge Companion to Einstein

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“…71 See Earman (2001) for a discussion of these models and different attitudes to the cosmological constant.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Einstein (1919a) argues that the cosmological constant term, treated as a constant of integration, also solves a problem in matter theory by contributing a negative pressure term to keep the electrodynamic forces on a small charged particle in equilibrium. For further discussion of the proposal in Einstein (1919a), see Earman (2003).…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Einstein’s Role in the Creation of Relativistic Cosmology

Smeenk¹

2014

The Cambridge Companion to Einstein

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“…today) consists of, 1 A cosmological constant can also be regarded as a fluid with pressure p related to the energy density µ by {p = −µc 2 ⇔ w = −1}. For the history of the cosmological constant, see [42,43].…”

Section: Basic Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Issues in the Philosophy of Cosmology

Ellis¹

2007

Philosophy of Physics

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After a survey of the present state of cosmological theory and observations, this article discusses a series of major themes underlying the relation of philosophy to cosmology. These are:A: The uniqueness of the universe; B: The large scale of the universe in space and time; C: The unbound energies in the early universe; D: Explaining the universe -the question of origins; E: The universe as the background for existence; F: The explicit philosophical basis; G: The Anthropic question: fine tuning for life; H: The possible existence of multiverses; I: The natures of existence. Each of these themes is explored and related to a series of Theses that set out the major issues confronting cosmology in relation to philosophy. IntroductionCosmology is the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe, where 'the Universe' means all that exists in a physical sense [104]. This is to be distinguished from the Observable Universe, namely that part of the Universe containing matter accessible to our astronomical observations, which is a subset of the Universe proper. Thus cosmology considers the vast domain of galaxies, clusters of galaxies, quasi-stellar objects, etc., observable in the sky by use of telescopes of all kinds, examining their nature, distribution, origins, and relation to their larger environment. Observational cosmology [114,128,99,189,18] aims to determine the large-scale geometry of the observable universe and the distribution of matter in it from observations of radiation emitted by distant objects, while physical cosmology [163,193,233,202,171,38] is the study of interactions during the expansion of the universe in its early hot big bang phase, and astrophysical cosmology [193,165,160,174,38] studies the resulting later development of large-scale structures such as galaxies and clusters of galaxies. Various forms of quantum cosmology (see e.g. [109,92,26]) and studies of particle physics aspects of cosmology [126,162,1,171,38] attempt to characterize the epochs before the hot big bang phase. These studies function in a mainly symbiotic way, each informing and supplementing the others to create an overall cosmological theory of the origin and evolution of the physical universe [14,104,201].A unique role of the universe is in creating the environment in which galaxies, stars, and planets develop, thus providing a setting in which local physics and chemistry can function in a way that enables the evolution of life on planets such as the Earth. If the cosmological environment were substantially different, local conditions would be different and in most cases we would not be here [21,29,7,214,175] -indeed no biological evolution at all would have taken place. Thus cosmology is of substantial interest to the whole of the scientific endeavor, for it sets the framework for the rest of science, and indeed for the very existence of observers and scientists. It is unique as the ultimate historical/geographical science.Cosmology as a serious scientific study began with the discovery of Einstein's static ...

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“…In effect, we have here two versions of "relativity theory". (See Earman [2003] for discussion of what is at stake in choosing between the two.) (4) It is instructive to consider the relation of Einstein's equation to Poisson's equation, the field equation of Newtonian gravitation theory:…”

Section: Ac Abmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classical Relativity Theory

Malament¹

2007

Philosophy of Physics

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The essay that follows is divided into two parts. In the first (section 2), I give a brief account of the structure of classical relativity theory. In the second (section 3), I discuss three special topics: (i) the status of the relative simultaneity relation in the context of Minkowski spacetime; (ii) the "geometrized" version of Newtonian gravitation theory (also known as Newton-Cartan theory); and (iii) the possibility of recovering the global geometric structure of spacetime from its "causal structure".

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The cosmological constant, the fate of the universe, unimodular gravity, and all that

Cited by 43 publications

References 30 publications

Einstein’s Role in the Creation of Relativistic Cosmology

Einstein’s Role in the Creation of Relativistic Cosmology

Issues in the Philosophy of Cosmology

Classical Relativity Theory

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