The Cost-effectiveness of Air Bags by Seating Position

Graham, John D.; Thompson, Kimberly M.; Goldie, Sue J.; Seguí-Gómez, María; Weinstein, Milton C.

doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03550170048031

Cited by 81 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Examples of primary prevention interventions are the regulation of motorcycle helmet use (50); the promotion of bicycle helmet use via legislation, education, and/or subsidization (26,27,64); the strengthening of side door beams in motor vehicles (51); the installation of lap-only belts in the rear-center seating position of passenger vehicles (51); the installation of lap and shoulder belts in five different seating positions (i.e. driver, front-right, outboard rear, and center-rear) (25,51); the installation of airbags in the driver and front-right seats (25); the implementation of daytime running lights (76); the use of child restraint devices (58); and the regulation of speed limits (37). Additionally, we found several studies that evaluate the ability of hormone replacement therapy to reduce the incidence and severity of fractures (19,36,65).…”

Section: Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recomputed the ratio by incorporating the morbidity and mortality consequences into QALYs (42); the resulting cost per QALY was $53,000. The costs and effects of seat belts were evaluated in two studies (25,52). Due to the different rates of occupancy by seating position, seat-belt effectiveness varied considerably by seating position (even if the belts were equally efficacious and costly at each seating position).…”

Section: Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the different rates of occupancy by seating position, seat-belt effectiveness varied considerably by seating position (even if the belts were equally efficacious and costly at each seating position). Both lap-only and a lap and shoulder belt combination were reported to be cost saving for front-seat occupants (25,52), even assuming only a 50% usage rate. Belts in the rear offered a different result.…”

Section: Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent analysis by Graham et al (25) that used the recommendations from the US Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine (23) reported C/E ratios of $96,000 per LY and $24,000 per QALY for the driver-side airbag, and an incremental $213,000 per LY and $61,000 per QALY for the front-right airbag (compared with the driver-only airbag system).…”

Section: Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Readers are cautioned that the ratios reported in Table 3 are illustrative and should not be considered definitive. The reported C/E ratios per QALY for these primary prevention interventions vary from less than $0 (25,52,76) to more than $2,400,000 (52).…”

Section: Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Evaluating the Cost-Effectiveness of Clinical and Public Health Measures

Graham

Corso

Morris

et al. 1998

Annu. Rev. Public Health

Self Cite

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cost-effectiveness analysis, an analytic tool that expresses as a ratio the cost of obtaining an additional unit of health outcome, can help decision makers achieve more health protection for the same or less cost. We characterize the state of the cost-effectiveness analysis literature by reviewing how this technique is applied to various clinical and public health interventions. We describe the results of cost-effectiveness analyses for over 40 interventions to reduce cancer, heart disease, trauma, and infectious disease. The cost-effectiveness ratios for these interventions vary enormously, from interventions that save money to those that cost more than $1 million per year of life gained. The methods used to derive the cost-effectiveness ratios also vary considerably, and we summarize this variation within each health area. Greater uniformity of analytical practice will be necessary if cost-effectiveness analysis is to become a more influential tool in debates about resource allocation.

show abstract

Section: Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Evaluating the Cost-Effectiveness of Clinical and Public Health Measures

Graham

Corso

Morris

et al. 1998

Annu. Rev. Public Health

Self Cite

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Cost-effectiveness of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy for Moderate to Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea

Ayas

FitzGerald²,

Fleetham³

et al. 2006

Arch Intern Med

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea (OSAH) is a common disorder characterized by recurrent collapse of the upper airway during sleep, and is associated with an increased risk of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). Common first-line therapy for OSAH is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). We assessed the cost-effectiveness of CPAP therapy vs none for the treatment of OSAH.Methods: We used a 5-year Markov model that considers the costs and quality-of-life improvements of CPAP therapy, accounting for the gains from reduced MVC rates. Utility values were obtained from published studies. The MVC rates under the CPAP and no-CPAP scenarios were calculated from National Highway Traffic Safety Administration data and a systematic review of published studies. Costs of MVCs, equipment, and physicians were obtained from US Medicare and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The target population included male and female patients aged 25 to 54 years and newly diagnosed as having moderate to severe OSAH. We ex-amined the findings from the perspectives of a thirdparty payer and society.Results: From a third-party payer or a societal perspective, CPAP therapy was more effective but more costly than no CPAP, with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of $3354 or $314 per quality-adjusted life-year gained, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio estimate was most dependent on viewpoint (varying more than 10-fold between societal and third-party payer perspectives) and choice of utility measurement method (varying more than 5-fold between the use of standard gamble and EuroQol 5D utility assessment values). Conclusion:When quality of life, costs of therapy, and MVC outcomes are considered, CPAP therapy for patients with OSAH is economically attractive.

show abstract

Computer Crash Simulations in the Development of Child Occupant Safety Policies

Winston

Arbogast²,

Lee³

et al. 2000

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Using current crash simulation software, this study demonstrated that the risk of air bags to school-aged children could be predicted. Our results confirmed the previously identified risks to unrestrained children and provided the first evidence that air bags, in their current design, are not beneficial to restrained children. This study illustrates that computer crash simulations should be used proactively to identify injury risks to child occupants, particularly when limited real-world data are available.

show abstract

The Cost-effectiveness of Air Bags by Seating Position

Abstract: Both air bag systems save life-years at costs that are comparable to many medical and public health practices. Immediate steps can be taken to enhance the cost-effectiveness of front passenger air bags, such as moving children to the rear seat.

Cited by 81 publications

References 23 publications

Evaluating the Cost-Effectiveness of Clinical and Public Health Measures

Evaluating the Cost-Effectiveness of Clinical and Public Health Measures

Cost-effectiveness of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy for Moderate to Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea

Computer Crash Simulations in the Development of Child Occupant Safety Policies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About