The Cost Effectiveness of Mental Health Treatment in the Lifetime of Older Adults with HIV in New York City: A Markov Approach

COVID-19, Race/Ethnicity, and Age: the Role of Telemedicine to Close the Gaps on Health Disparities

“…Previous studies have established the multifactorial nature of disparities associated with the rise of epidemics, including those related to airborne diseases such as the Influenza A type H1N1 (Kumar et al 2012;Quinn et al 2011;Blumenshine et al 2008). Parallel to the HIV epidemic (DelaCruz and Karpiak 2015;DelaCruz et al 2020), income inequality, differentials in exposure, and social stratification in New York City (NYC) enabled the rapid spread of COVID-19 and exacerbated existing health disparities among vulnerable populations. Both epidemics asymmetrically affected low-income neighborhoods where Blacks, Hispanics, and older adults disproportionately face negative health outcomes and experienced comorbidities that increase their risk for COVID-19.…”

Modelling the Economic Impact of Reducing Loneliness in Community Dwelling Older People in England

“…It has the advantage of being able to model uncertain processes over multiple time periods known as cycles and reflect circumstances where individual health and outcomes can fluctuate. This means that Markov models can also be used for projecting longer-term costs and outcomes than may be practical in empirical studies, such as a very long-term follow up on the costs and benefits of a mental health treatment in older adults [15]. There are many other applications of these models in health economics.…”

Evaluating the Cost-Effectiveness of a Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Program for HIV Prevention for Men Who Have Sex with Men in Japan

“…If the indirect benefits of PrEP (i.e., not contracting HIV means no possibility of transmitting HIV) were incorporated, ICER would be lower because PrEP also increased QALYs for people who were not using PrEP. Second, data for QALYs were not available for this targeted population, and we used yearly QALYs estimated in other high-income countries [27][28][29][30] . Our results should be interpreted with caution because we had no empirical QALY data for patients with HIV in Japan, and the QALY value of HIV may affect the results in the short term.…”