The Cost-Effectiveness of the SMART Work &amp; Life Intervention for Reducing Sitting Time

Cox, Edward; Walker, Simon; Edwardson, Charlotte L.; Biddle, Stuart J. H.; Clarke-Cornwell, AM; Clemes, Stacy A.; Davies, Melanie J.; Dunstan, David W.; Eborall, Helen; Granat, Malcolm H.; Gray, Laura J.; Healy, Geneviève N.; Maylor, Benjamin D.; Munir, Fehmidah; Yates, Thomas; Richardson, Gerry

doi:10.3390/ijerph192214861

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is clear from these data that many of the clusters and participants in level 4 still implemented and engaged with various aspects of the intervention (as shown in Table 5 ). This suggests that a more pragmatic and less burdensome intervention may still be beneficial, and cost effective based on the behaviour change observed [ 19 ], for those workplaces/offices who are unable deliver and/or engage with all intervention components. For example, provision of a height-adjustable workstation with education may still yield meaningful behaviour change even without other strategies offered in the present intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main study was a three-arm cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the SWAL sitting reduction intervention, delivered with and without a height-adjustable workstation. The main trial protocol has been described in detail elsewhere [ 18 ] along with the main effectiveness [ 15 ] and cost effectiveness results [ 19 ]. Ethical approval for the trial was received from the University of Leicester’s College of Life Sciences (Ref:14,372).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Implementation and engagement of the SMART Work & Life sitting reduction intervention: an exploratory analysis on intervention effectiveness

Edwardson,

Abell,

Clarke-Cornwell

et al. 2023

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background To enhance the impact of interventions, it is important to understand how intervention engagement relates to study outcomes. We report on the level of implementation and engagement with the SMART Work & Life (SWAL) programme (delivered with (SWAL plus desk) and without a height-adjustable desk (SWAL)) and explore the effects of different levels of this on change in daily sitting time in comparison to the control group. Methods The extent of intervention delivery by workplace champions and the extent of engagement by champions and participants (staff) with each intervention activity was assessed by training attendance logs, workplace champion withdrawal dates, intervention activities logs and questionnaires. These data were used to assess whether a cluster met defined criteria for low, medium, or high implementation and engagement or none of these. Mixed effects linear regression analyses tested whether change in sitting time varied by: (i) the number of intervention activities implemented and engaged with, and (ii) the percentage of implementation and engagement with all intervention strategies. Results Workplace champions were recruited for all clusters, with 51/52 (98%) attending training. Overall, 12/27 (44.4%) SWAL and 9/25 (36.0%) SWAL plus desk clusters implemented all main intervention strategies. Across remaining clusters, the level of intervention implementation varied. Those in the SWAL (n = 8 (29.6%) clusters, 80 (32.1%) participants) and SWAL plus desk (n = 5 (20.0%) clusters, 41 (17.1%) participants) intervention groups who implemented and engaged with the most intervention strategies and had the highest percentage of cluster implementation and engagement with all intervention strategies sat for 30.9 (95% CI -53.9 to -7.9, p = 0.01) and 75.6 (95% CI -103.6 to -47.7, p < 0.001) fewer minutes/day respectively compared to the control group at 12 month follow up. These differences were larger than the complete case analysis. The differences in sitting time observed for the medium and low levels were similar to the complete case analysis. Conclusions Most intervention strategies were delivered to some extent across the clusters although there was large variation. Superior effects for sitting reduction were seen for those intervention groups who implemented and engaged with the most intervention components and had the highest level of cluster implementation and engagement. Trial Registration ISRCTN11618007. Registered on 24 January 2018. https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTNISRCTN11618007.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation and engagement of the SMART Work & Life sitting reduction intervention: an exploratory analysis on intervention effectiveness

Edwardson,

Abell,

Clarke-Cornwell

et al. 2023

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, correlative findings indicated that the more individuals perceived their supervisor as supportive of active breaks, the more likely they were to experience less sedentary time (Lafrenz et al 2018 ). Furthermore, one could compare the intervention components of Leicht Beweg t to components of other interventions such as the Stand More AT (SMArT) Work intervention or SMART Working and Life (SWAL) intervention that appear to be effective in the long term (Edwardson et al 2018 , 2022 ) but require more financial resources (Cox et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Implications and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lack of standardized and objectively determined outcome measures (Chu et al 2016 ) and an exclusive reliance on participants’ subjective reports (Prince et al 2020 ) pose main problems. Cost-effectiveness analyses of multicomponent interventions to reduce sedentary times at workplace further show that, although they are likely to pay off in the long run from a health economics perspective, they are associated with substantial initial costs to the employer—particularly if height-adjustable workstations need to be purchased (Cox et al 2022 ; Michaud et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What it takes to reduce sitting at work: a pilot study on the effectiveness and correlates of a multicomponent intervention

Porath,

Schmidt,

Möckel

et al. 2023

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective This study aimed to assess the feasibility and effects of a simple-to-implement multicomponent intervention to reduce sedentary time of office workers. Methods Six groups of eight to ten office workers took part in the two-week Leicht Bewegt intervention. Participants completed questionnaires at baseline (T0, n = 52), after 2 weeks (T1, n = 46), and after 5 weeks (T2, n = 38), including subjective sedentary measures and social-cognitive variables based on the health action process approach (HAPA). Objective sedentary measures were obtained using activPAL trackers. Results The intention to reduce sedentary behavior during work increased significantly from T0 to T1. Participants’ objective and subjective sitting time decreased significantly from T0 to T1, corresponding to an average decrease per 8-h-workday of 55 min (d = − .66) or 74 min (d = − 1.14), respectively. This reduction persisted (for subjective sitting time) at T2 (d = − 1.08). Participants indicated a high satisfaction with the intervention. Conclusions The Leicht Bewegt intervention offers a feasible and effective opportunity to reduce sedentary behavior at work. Randomized controlled trials including longer follow-up time periods are needed to validate its benefits in different workplaces.

show abstract

Participant and workplace champion experiences of an intervention designed to reduce sitting time in desk-based workers: SMART work & life

Edwardson,

Maylor,

Biddle

et al. 2023

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background A cluster randomised controlled trial demonstrated the effectiveness of the SMART Work & Life (SWAL) behaviour change intervention, with and without a height-adjustable desk, for reducing sitting time in desk-based workers. Staff within organisations volunteered to be trained to facilitate delivery of the SWAL intervention and act as workplace champions. This paper presents the experiences of these champions on the training and intervention delivery, and from participants on their intervention participation. Methods Quantitative and qualitative feedback from workplace champions on their training session was collected. Participants provided quantitative feedback via questionnaires at 3 and 12 month follow-up on the intervention strategies (education, group catch ups, sitting less challenges, self-monitoring and prompts, and the height-adjustable desk [SWAL plus desk group only]). Interviews and focus groups were also conducted at 12 month follow-up with workplace champions and participants respectively to gather more detailed feedback. Transcripts were uploaded to NVivo and the constant comparative approach informed the analysis of the interviews and focus groups. Results Workplace champions rated the training highly with mean scores ranging from 5.3/6 to 5.7/6 for the eight parts. Most participants felt the education increased their awareness of the health consequences of high levels of sitting (SWAL: 90.7%; SWAL plus desk: 88.2%) and motivated them to change their sitting time (SWAL: 77.5%; SWAL plus desk: 85.77%). A high percentage of participants (70%) reported finding the group catch up session helpful and worthwhile. However, focus groups highlighted mixed responses to the group catch-up sessions, sitting less challenges and self-monitoring intervention components. Participants in the SWAL plus desk group felt that having a height-adjustable desk was key in changing their behaviour, with intrinsic as well as time based factors reported as key influences on the height-adjustable desk usage. In both intervention groups, participants reported a range of benefits from the intervention including more energy, less fatigue, an increase in focus, alertness, productivity and concentration as well as less musculoskeletal problems (SWAL plus desk group only). Work-related, interpersonal, personal attributes, physical office environment and physical barriers were identified as barriers when trying to sit less and move more. Conclusions Workplace champion and participant feedback on the intervention was largely positive but it is clear that different behaviour change strategies worked for different people indicating that a ‘one size fits all’ approach may not be appropriate for this type of intervention. The SWAL intervention could be tested in a broader range of organisations following a few minor adaptations based on the champion and participant feedback. Trial registration ISCRCTN registry (ISRCTN11618007).

show abstract

The Cost-Effectiveness of the SMART Work & Life Intervention for Reducing Sitting Time

Cited by 3 publications

References 44 publications

Implementation and engagement of the SMART Work & Life sitting reduction intervention: an exploratory analysis on intervention effectiveness

Implementation and engagement of the SMART Work & Life sitting reduction intervention: an exploratory analysis on intervention effectiveness

What it takes to reduce sitting at work: a pilot study on the effectiveness and correlates of a multicomponent intervention

Participant and workplace champion experiences of an intervention designed to reduce sitting time in desk-based workers: SMART work & life

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About