The cost of anti-Asian racism during the COVID-19 pandemic

Huang, Justin; Krupenkin, Masha; Rothschild, David; Cunningham, Julia Lee

doi:10.1038/s41562-022-01493-6

Cited by 47 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…attitudes towards Romanian and Chinese immigrants are notably negative in our survey, whereas attitudes towards Jamaicanshistorically a highly discriminated minority in the UK-are more positive. The negative perception of Chinese immigrants might be attributed to its association with the pandemic and is aligned with subsequent research linking the COVID-19 pandemic to increased prejudice and discrimination against Chinese and East Asian minorities (Huang et al, 2023;Tessler et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020). Meanwhile, Romanian immigrants faced significant stigma in the British press during the 2010s (Vicol & Allen, 2014), although there is insufficient research on the impact of negative media coverage on public attitudes and discrimination against Romanians in the UK.…”

Section: Does the Essentialness Premium Depend On Immigrants' Country...supporting

confidence: 57%

Occupational Essentialness During COVID-19 and Attitudes Towards Labor Migration

Allen¹,

Fernández-Reino

Ruiz³

2023

Preprint

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COVID-19 raised public appreciation of “essential” or “key” workers in high-income countries, many of whom are immigrants. Previous studies show native-born residents prefer highly-skilled immigrants for their perceived contributions to tax revenue and innovation. By contrast, we argue occupational essentialness—deriving from governments’ own classifications during the pandemic, and transcending conventional skill categories—is another dimension conditioning immigration attitudes that is driven by neither purely material nor cultural concerns. Using a pre-registered conjoint experiment fielded in the UK in January 2021, we find that respondents are 22 percentage points more likely to admit immigrants working in essential over non-essential occupations, and 10 percentage points more likely to view them as economically beneficial compared to those in non-essential occupations. A premium remained after distinguishing among skill levels, excluding health and personal care occupations, and seven months later as the immediate crisis lessened.

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Section: Does the Essentialness Premium Depend On Immigrants' Country...supporting

confidence: 57%

Occupational Essentialness During COVID-19 and Attitudes Towards Labor Migration

Allen¹,

Fernández-Reino

Ruiz³

2023

Preprint

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“…However, considerable differences exist within these subgroups. Yet perceivers may not always be able to (or want to) differentiate between subgroups (Kawakami et al., 2017), such as Vincent Chin's attackers who thought he was Japanese (Lee, 2022), or Americans' avoidance of both Chinese and non‐Chinese Asian restaurants during the COVID‐19 pandemic (Huang et al., 2023). During World War II, Chinese Americans wore “I am Chinese” buttons to escape anti‐Japanese sentiment because other Americans could not readily distinguish between the two East Asian ethnic groups (Lee, 2015).…”

Section: Ethnic Disaggregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positioning Asian Americans in social cognition

Goh

Lei

Zou

2023

Social & Personality Psych

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Asian Americans are increasingly positioned at the center of current events, yet extant theories and approaches in social psychology (and social cognition specifically) may not adequately capture how Asian Americans are perceived and treated in the current American racial landscape. We propose three directions to propel social cognition research on Asian Americans. First, research emphasizes Asian Americans' perceived high status (e.g., the model minority stereotype) while often overlooking their perceived foreignness. The two‐dimensional Racial Position Model elucidates the consequences of being stereotyped as perpetual foreigners for Asian Americans and their relations with other racial and ethnic groups. Second, research and laypeople alike consider East Asian Americans to be the prototypical Asian Americans, thereby excluding subgroups such as South and Southeast Asian Americans. Considering the ethnic diversity of Asian Americans challenges and extends existing social psychological theories. Lastly, much of psychological research approaches race in isolation without considering its intersection with other identities such as gender. An intersectional framework offers insights into how Asian Americans' gender and race overlap in our social cognition. More nuanced research on Asian Americans is needed to fully understand race relations in the 21st century and we hope these three interconnected directions can guide researchers who are interested in the topic.

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“…The pandemic's association with Asia, especially China, has been reinforced by narratives that use metaphors and symbols, often spread through social media and political rhetoric. These narratives have stigmatized Asian Americans, incorrectly portraying them as villains or sources of the virus, leading to increased discrimination and violence against them (Huang, Krupenkin, Rothschild, & Lee Cunningham, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Human Capital, Economic Anxiety, And Political Ideologies on Immigrant Health Perceptions: a Between-Subjects Experimental Approach

Nkouaga

2024

IJAHSS

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This research examines the factors that influence health-related stereotypes against immigrants, with a focus on how human capital, conservative ideology, and economic anxiety impact these perceptions across different immigrant groups in the United States. The study uses Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis of data from the 2020 Collaborative Multi-racial Post-Election Survey to assess attitudes towards all immigrants, as well as specifically Mexican and Chinese immigrants. Objective: Health stereotypes often depict immigrants as carriers of diseases and burdens on society, which affect public opinion and policy. This study aims to analyze the roles of human capital, political ideology, and economic conditions in shaping these stereotypes. Method: Using OLS regression, the analysis explores the association between stereotyping and various predictors, including conservative ideology (measured objectively and subjectively), human capital, and economic anxiety. Disaggregating the data by immigrant group allows for nuanced insights into the interplay of these factors. Results: The results reveal moderate levels of stereotyping across all groups, with variations by immigrant origin. Objective measures of conservative ideology show a strong correlation with increased stereotyping, particularly against Mexican immigrants. Higher human capital is associated with reduced stereotyping, while economic anxiety consistently exacerbates negative stereotypes across all groups. Furthermore, Republican affiliation and racial identity are correlated with heightened stereotyping, especially against Chinese immigrants. Discussion: The findings highlight the complexity of the factors contributing to health-related stereotypes and emphasize the importance of addressing educational and economic elements to mitigate these biases. Tailored interventions that take into account the distinct dynamics of each immigrant group are crucial for reducing stereotypes and improving integration and health outcomes.

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The cost of anti-Asian racism during the COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 47 publications

References 81 publications

Occupational Essentialness During COVID-19 and Attitudes Towards Labor Migration

Occupational Essentialness During COVID-19 and Attitudes Towards Labor Migration

Positioning Asian Americans in social cognition

The Effect of Human Capital, Economic Anxiety, And Political Ideologies on Immigrant Health Perceptions: a Between-Subjects Experimental Approach

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