The Cost of Canine Rabies on Four Continents

Anderson, Aaron; Shwiff, Steven S.

doi:10.1111/tbed.12168

Cited by 54 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(30 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The absence of efficient control at the source is excessively costly in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALY) lost due to premature death and the cost of PEP to the public and private sectors (14, 15). Economic losses also occur in the agricultural sector due to loss of livestock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost Description and Comparative Cost Efficiency of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis and Canine Mass Vaccination against Rabies in N’Djamena, Chad

Mindekem¹,

Léchenne

Oussiguéré

et al. 2017

Front. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rabies claims approximately 59,000 human lives annually and is a potential risk to 3.3 billion people in over 100 countries worldwide. Despite being fatal in almost 100% of cases, human rabies can be prevented by vaccinating dogs, the most common vector, and the timely administration of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to exposed victims. For the control and prevention of human rabies in N’Djamena, the capital city of Chad, a free mass vaccination campaign for dogs was organized in 2012 and 2013. The campaigns were monitored by parallel studies on the incidence of canine rabies based on diagnostic testing of suspect animals and the incidence of human bite exposure recorded at selected health facilities. Based on the cost description of the campaign and the need for PEP registered in health centers, three cost scenarios were compared: cumulative cost-efficiency of (1) PEP alone, (2) dog mass vaccination and PEP, (3) dog mass vaccination, PEP, and maximal communication between human health and veterinary workers (One Health communication). Assuming ideal One Health communication, the cumulative prospective cost of dog vaccination and PEP break even with the cumulative prospective cost of PEP alone in the 10th year from the start of the calculation (2012). The cost efficiency expressed in cost per human exposure averted is much higher with canine vaccination and One Health communication than with PEP alone. As shown in other studies, our cost-effectiveness analysis highlights that canine vaccination is financially the best option for animal rabies control and rabies prevention in humans. This study also provides evidence of the beneficial effect of One Health communication. Only with close communication between the human and animal health sectors will the decrease in animal rabies incidence be translated into a decline for PEP. An efficiently applied One Health concept would largely reduce the cost of PEP in resource poor countries and should be implemented for zoonosis control in general.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost Description and Comparative Cost Efficiency of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis and Canine Mass Vaccination against Rabies in N’Djamena, Chad

Mindekem¹,

Léchenne

Oussiguéré

et al. 2017

Front. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The global cost of canine rabies has been estimated at $8.6 billion in economic losses, with over half of these losses stemming from premature death and a smaller portion arising from costs of human post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP) (direct costs include vaccine, and RIG while indirect costs include travel time and expense and income lost while seeking PEP), animal tests, dog vaccination and livestock losses (Hampson et al., ). Economic losses may approach $120 billion USD in losses if the value of a statistical human life is included (Anderson & Shwiff, ; Shwiff, Hampson, & Anderson, ). While the disease has a case fatality rate of almost 100%, it is completely preventable through timely intervention with post‐exposure rabies vaccine and immunoglobulin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards canine rabies elimination: Economic comparisons of three project sites

Elser

Hatch

Taylor

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An appreciation of the costs of implementing canine rabies control in different settings is important for those planning new or expanded interventions. Here we compare the costs of three canine rabies control projects in South Africa, the Philippines and Tanzania to identify factors that influence the overall costs of rabies control efforts. There was considerable variation in the cost of vaccinating each dog, but across the sites these were lower where population density was higher, and later in the projects when dog vaccination coverage was increased. Transportation costs comprised a much higher proportion of total costs in rural areas and where house-to-house vaccination campaigns were necessary. The association between the cost of providing PEP and human population density was less clear. The presence of a pre-existing national rabies management programme had a marked effect on keeping infrastructure and equipment costs for the project low. Finally, the proportion of the total costs of the project provided by the external donor was found to be low for the projects in the Philippines and South Africa, but likely covered close to the complete costs of the project in Tanzania. The detailed economic evaluation of three recent large-scale rabies control pilot projects provides the opportunity to examine economic costs across these different settings and to identify factors influencing rabies control costs that could be applied to future projects.

show abstract

“…The majority of human rabies deaths globally occur as a result of being bitten by one of the people's most trusted companions: dogs. It is estimated that approximately 69 000 people die annually as a result of canine rabies, and most victims are children on the continents of Asia, Africa and Latin America (Knobel et al., ; Rupprecht et al., ; Anderson and Shwiff, ; Shwiff et al., ; WHO, ). The estimated annual global cost of canine rabies may approach $120 billion (Anderson and Shwiff, ; Shwiff et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Canine Rabies Elimination in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Assessment of Health Economic Data

Shwiff

Hatch

Anderson

et al. 2014

Transbound Emerg Dis

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rabies remains a significant problem throughout much of the developing world. An estimated 69 000 people die annually from exposure to rabies. Most of these deaths are the result of being bitten by a rabid dog. Mass vaccination campaigns targeting dogs have been implemented around the world in an attempt to control or eliminate canine rabies. We analysed the vaccination and cost data for a campaign in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa; we found that the cost per dog vaccinated to be $6.61 for mass campaigns and $5.41 for local campaigns. We also estimated the cost of human post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). The cost of PEP is approximately $64.50 on average per patient, and $333 on average for the 9% of patients who receive RIG. We also found that the districts that vaccinated the most dogs per capita experienced the highest rates of human treatment and thus had the highest PEP costs.

show abstract

The Cost of Canine Rabies on Four Continents

Cited by 54 publications

References 16 publications

Cost Description and Comparative Cost Efficiency of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis and Canine Mass Vaccination against Rabies in N’Djamena, Chad

Cost Description and Comparative Cost Efficiency of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis and Canine Mass Vaccination against Rabies in N’Djamena, Chad

Towards canine rabies elimination: Economic comparisons of three project sites

Towards Canine Rabies Elimination in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Assessment of Health Economic Data

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About