The cost of emersion for the barnacle Balanus glandula

Ober, Gordon T.; Rognstad, Rhiannon L.; Gilman, Sarah E.

doi:10.3354/meps13058

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Higher O 2 consumption rates in air relative to seawater have been observed in many intertidal organisms, including snails ( Micallef and Bannister 1967 ), crabs ( Wheatly and Taylor 1979 ), and other barnacle species ( Petersen et al 1974 ; Ober et al 2019 ). Ober et al (2019) reported that B. glandula had MO 2 values up to 2 times greater in air than seawater, and the gooseneck barnacle Pollicipes polymerus has O 2 consumption rates in air that were up to 5 times greater than in water ( Petersen et al 1974 ). Even some subtidal barnacles, such as A. psittacus , have high capacity for O 2 consumption in air despite the fact that they rarely experience emersion conditions ( López et al 2003 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Intertidal Position on Metabolism and Behavior in the Acorn Barnacle,Balanus glandula

Horn

Fournet

Liautaud

et al. 2021

Integrative Organismal Biology

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The intertidal zone is characterized by persistent, tidally-driven fluctuations in both abiotic (e.g., temperature, [O2], salinity) and biotic (e.g., food availability, predation) factors, which make this a physiologically challenging habitat for resident organisms. The relative magnitude and degree of variability of environmental stress differs between intertidal zones, with the most extreme physiological stress often being experienced by organisms in the high intertidal. Given that so many of the constantly shifting parameters in this habitat are primary drivers of metabolic rate (e.g., temperature, [O2], food availability), we hypothesized that sessile conspecifics residing in different tidal zones would exhibit distinct ‘metabolic phenotypes,’ a term we use to collectively describe the organisms’ baseline metabolic performance and capacity. To investigate this hypothesis, we collected acorn barnacles (Balanus glandula) from low, mid, and high intertidal positions in San Luis Obispo Bay, CA and measured a suite of biochemical (whole-animal citrate synthase (CS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, aerial [D-lactate]), physiological (O2 consumption rates), morphological (body size) and behavioral (e.g., cirri beat frequency, % time operculum open) indices of metabolism. We found tidal zone-dependent differences in B. glandula metabolism that primarily related to anaerobic capacity, cirral activity patterns and body size. Barnacles from the low intertidal tended to have a greater capacity for anaerobic metabolism (i.e., increased LDH activity, increased baseline [D-lactate]), have reduced cirral beating activity—and presumably reduced feeding—when submerged, and be smaller in size compared to conspecifics in the high intertidal. We did not, however, see any D-lactate accumulation in barnacles from any tidal height throughout the 96 h of air exposure. This trend indicates that the enhanced capacity of low intertidal barnacles for anaerobic metabolism may have evolved to support metabolism during more prolonged episodes of emersion or during events other than emersion (e.g., coastal hypoxia, predation). There were also no significant differences in CS activity or baseline oxygen consumption rates (in air or seawater at 14˚C) across tidal heights, which implies that aerobic metabolic capacity may not be as sensitive to tidal position as anaerobic processes. Understanding how individuals occupying different shore heights differ in their metabolic capacity becomes increasingly interesting in the context of global climate change, given that the intertidal zone is predicted to experience even greater extremes in abiotic stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Intertidal Position on Metabolism and Behavior in the Acorn Barnacle,Balanus glandula

Horn

Fournet

Liautaud

et al. 2021

Integrative Organismal Biology

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“…Full methods for the respiration protocol are reported in Ober et al [38]. Briefly, about 30 minutes before the end of the "High Tide 2" phase of the laboratory tidal cycle (Table 1), barnacles were placed into individual aerial respiration chambers filled with filtered seawater.…”

Section: Respiration Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As described in Ober et al [38], collected barnacles were isolated, tagged, and their maximum opercular diameter measured. Barnacles were maintained in the laboratory in a tidally cycling tank with a daily light cycle (Table 1).…”

Section: Animal Collection and Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic variation in vulnerability to warming temperatures in an intertidal barnacle species

Gilman,

Ober,

Rognstad

et al. 2024

Preprint

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For most species, we lack a detailed understanding of how vulnerability to warming temperatures under climate change varies across a its geographic distribution. Vulnerability arises when there is a gap between local climate and local physiology.Intertidal species are unique because they face two distinct thermal environments, and it is unclear which is the bigger driver of thermal physiology and vulnerability. Here we compare the thermal environments and physiology of three populations of the intertidal barnacleBalanus glandula, spanning 1460 km of its geographic range. We measured energy consumption in the laboratory across a 5-hour emersion and subsequent 6-hour immersion at 7 different emersion temperatures. We compared these results to one year of emersion and immersion temperature data from each location. Our results suggest that the temperatures experienced during emersion are a bigger driver of each population’s thermal physiology than those experienced during immersion. We also estimated vulnerability to future warming in two ways: by calculating the total energy consumption over a year and by calculating the number of days that temperature exceeded each population’s thermal peak. These produced conflicting results. The central population spent the most days over its thermal peak, but the northernmost population had the greatest total costs over a year. This difference may be explained in part by a strong latitudinal gradient in primary productivity that selects for higher energy demand in higher latitude populations. Thus, accurate predictions ofB. glandula’s response to warming temperatures will require knowledge of both future temperature and food availability.

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“…Deviations from T opt , including those that surpass critical thermal limits, CT max , for short periods, can be survivable because organisms have compensatory mechanisms. For example, at a cellular level organisms can up-regulate genes associated with repair processes [11][12][13], and they can engage in behaviors that increase tissue oxygenation once a crisis has passed [14]. However, compared to endotherms, ectotherms have less control over internal processes that can generate or redistribute heat within their bodies and rely heavily on behavioral mechanisms to regulate body temperatures [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-based body temperatures reveal behavioral thermoregulation strategies of the Atlantic marsh fiddler crab Minuca pugnax

et al. 2021

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Behavioral thermoregulation is an important defense against the negative impacts of climate change for ectotherms. In this study we examined the use of burrows by a common intertidal crab, Minuca pugnax, to control body temperature. To understand how body temperatures respond to changes in the surface temperature and explore how efficiently crabs exploit the cooling potential of burrows to thermoregulate, we measured body, surface, and burrow temperatures during low tide on Sapelo Island, GA in March, May, August, and September of 2019. We found that an increase in 1°C in the surface temperature led to a 0.70-0.71°C increase in body temperature for females and an increase in 0.75-0.77°C in body temperature for males. Body temperatures of small females were 0.3°C warmer than large females for the same surface temperature. Female crabs used burrows more efficiently for thermoregulation compared to the males. Specifically, an increase of 1°C in the cooling capacity (the difference between the burrow temperature and the surface temperature) led to an increase of 0.42-0.50°C for females and 0.34-0.35°C for males in the thermoregulation capacity (the difference between body temperature and surface temperature). The body temperature that crabs began to use burrows to thermoregulate was estimated to be around 24°C, which is far below the critical body temperatures that could lead to death. Many crabs experience body temperatures of 24°C early in the reproductive season, several months before the hottest days of the year. Because the use of burrows involves fitness trade-offs, these results suggest that warming temperatures could begin to impact crabs far earlier in the year than expected.

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The cost of emersion for the barnacle Balanus glandula

Cited by 9 publications

References 61 publications

Effects of Intertidal Position on Metabolism and Behavior in the Acorn Barnacle,Balanus glandula

Effects of Intertidal Position on Metabolism and Behavior in the Acorn Barnacle,Balanus glandula

Geographic variation in vulnerability to warming temperatures in an intertidal barnacle species

Field-based body temperatures reveal behavioral thermoregulation strategies of the Atlantic marsh fiddler crab Minuca pugnax

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