The Cost of Kidney Transplantation in Iran

Nourbala, M.H.; Einollahi, Behzad; Kardavani, Babak; Khoddami-Vishte, H.-R.; Assari, Shervin; Mahdavi‐Mazdeh, Mitra; Simforoosh, N.

doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2007.03.056

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The cost of one session of hemodialysis for ESRD ranged $79 to $97 [ 26 – 28 ], while one study estimated average annual dialysis costs at $61,000 in Southeast Asia [ 29 ]. Kidney transplantation and post-operative care ran from $5,000 to $21,000 in the Sudan and Iran, respectively [ 28 , 30 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provider costs for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and related conditions in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risk conditions is rapidly increasing in low- and middle-income countries, where health systems are generally ill-equipped to manage chronic disease. Policy makers need an understanding of the magnitude and drivers of the costs of cardiovascular disease related conditions to make decisions on how to allocate limited health resources.MethodsWe undertook a systematic review of the published literature on provider-incurred costs of treatment for cardiovascular diseases and risk conditions in low- and middle-income countries. Total costs of treatment were inflated to 2012 US dollars for comparability across geographic settings and time periods.ResultsThis systematic review identified 60 articles and 143 unit costs for the following conditions: ischemic heart disease, non-ischemic heart diseases, stroke, heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Cost data were most readily available in middle-income countries, especially China, India, Brazil, and South Africa. The most common conditions with cost studies were acute ischemic heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, stroke, and hypertension.ConclusionsEmerging economies are currently providing a base of cost evidence for NCD treatment that may prove useful to policy-makers in low-income countries. Initial steps to publicly finance disease interventions should take account of costs. The gaps and limitations in the current literature include a lack of standardized reporting as well as sparse evidence from low-income countries.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2538-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provider costs for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and related conditions in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

et al. 2015

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“…The 2-year costs of four different immunosuppressive drugs (sirolimus, everolimus, cyclosporine, or tacrolimus) have been shown to vary between €26,732 and €49,978 (29). In Iran, the total cost of renal transplantation procedure was $9,224, while the immunosuppressive therapy accounted for even 65.8%, only in the first year (30). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tacrolimus Utilization and Expenditure in Serbia

Rančić

Vavic

Obrenčević

et al. 2017

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundIncreasing immunosuppressant consumption and expenditure is a quite a challenge in transplantation medicine. The aim of the study was to characterize the utilization and expenditure of tacrolimus, backbone, and standard of care in immunosuppression regimen in Serbian solid organ transplant recipients.MethodsThis study was performed as retrospective cross-sectional study during a 3-year period (from 2013 to 2015) in Serbia. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification/Defined Daily Doses (ATC/DDD) international system was used for consumption evaluation.ResultsTwo hundred and sixty-nine patients were transplanted in Serbia from 2013 to 2015 (185 recipients from deceased donors and 84 recipients from living donors). Total number of deceased donors in this period was 81. The consumption of tacrolimus increased (from 0.051 DDD/1,000 inhabitants/day to 0.069 DDD/1,000 inhabitants/day in 2013 and 2015, respectively). The total cost of tacrolimus was also increased; from 1,206,816€ to 1,483,472€ in 2013 and 2015, respectively. On the other hand, the number of all new solid organ transplants (from deceased and living donors) per million population per year was decreased from 17.39 to 10.02, from 2013 to 2015, respectively.ConclusionIn spite downward trend in the number of solid organ transplants, tacrolimus consumption and expenditure in the examined 3-year period in Serbia increased. Since tacrolimus is a high-cost and life-preserving drug, its increasing utilization and expenditure will most likely continue consuming an enhancing share of Serbian pharmaceutical expenditure, as well as its health care, as a whole.

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“…For example, the total cost of renal transplantation procedure in Iran was $9,224 (96). The immunosuppressive therapy accounted for 65.8% ($6,076), only in the first year.…”

Section: The Economic Evaluation Of Renal Transplantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Evaluation of Pharmacogenetic Tests in Patients Subjected to Renal Transplantation: A Review of Literature

Rančić

Dragojević-Simić

Vavic

et al. 2016

Front. Public Health

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Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for the patients with end-stage renal failure. Genetic factors, among others, can influence variability in response to immunosuppressive drugs. Nowadays, due to restrictive health resources, the question arises whether routine pharmacogenetic analyses should be done in the renal transplant recipients or not. The aim of this literature review was to present the up-to-date information considering the economic feasibility of pharmacogenetic testing in patients subjected to renal transplantation. The organization United Network for Organ Sharing in the US estimated that total costs per renal transplant concerning these analyses were $334,300 in 2014. Pharmacogenetic testing prior to treatment initiation could be helpful to predict and assess treatment response and the risks for adverse drug reactions. This kind of testing before treatment initiation seems to be one of the most promising applications of pharmacokinetics. Although pharmacogenetic tests were found to be a cost-effective or cost-saving strategy in many cases, some authors represent another opinion. However, if the real costs of renal transplantation are recognized, the application of these tests in the standard daily practice could be considered more realistic, which additionally emphasizes the importance of future studies assessing their cost effectiveness.

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The Cost of Kidney Transplantation in Iran

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Provider costs for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and related conditions in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

Provider costs for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and related conditions in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

Tacrolimus Utilization and Expenditure in Serbia

Economic Evaluation of Pharmacogenetic Tests in Patients Subjected to Renal Transplantation: A Review of Literature

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