The cost of QoS support in edge devices an experimental study

Guérin, Roch; Li, L.; Nádas, Szilveszter; Pan, Ping; Peris, V.

doi:10.1109/infcom.1999.751476

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The DS architecture achieves scalability by reducing complexity within the network. Core routers maintain per aggregate state instead of one state per flow, pushing the complexity of handling individual flows to the network edges [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the expedited forwarding of voice traffic in a differentiated services network

Ziviani

Rezende

Duarte

2002

Int J Communication

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International audienceThe Differentiated Services architecture offers a scalable alternative to provide Quality of Service (QoS) to the new multimedia applications in the Internet. This paper aims at evaluating the delay and jitter experienced by voice traffic when handled by the Expedited Forwarding (EF) scheme. The analysis includes the effects of different packet scheduling mechanisms implementing EF and of the voice packet size. We also evaluate how efficiently each type of traffic uses an extra allocated bandwidth and the impact of traffic shaping. The results show that increasing the service rate share allocated to the EF aggregate does not significantly affect the competing best effort (BE) traffic. This holds as long as the BE traffic can use the bandwidth left unused by the EF traffic in idle periods

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the expedited forwarding of voice traffic in a differentiated services network

Ziviani

Rezende

Duarte

2002

Int J Communication

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“…Several projects aim at building QoS-enabled switches or routers from scratch [5,9]. In [24] Chiueh and Varadarajan present EtheReal, a switch that allows connection establishment with policing.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-latency hard real-time communication over switched ethernet

Loeser

Haertig

Proceedings. 16th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems, 2004. ECRTS 2004.

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MotivationEthernet as de£ned in the IEEE 802.3 standard is the commodity network since decades, and has undergone a number of changes in its existence. It is used for hard realtime communication already, and demanding applications continue to emerge. A typical example is factory automation, where Ethernet replaces CAN for performance and cost reasons. In the context of professional audio mastering (audio-LAN) Ethernet is experimented with: multiple nodes generate samples for hundreds of instruments in parallel and send them to a central mixer node. The process is interactively controlled and delays are expected to be less than 10ms. The bandwidth requirement for such a scenario is ten to hundred megabytes a second. Another application from the audio domain is DMIDI [30], an attempt to use Ethernet LANs for MIDI control commands. Although the bandwidth demands are moderate, the delays are expected to be a few milliseconds too.CSMA/CD Ethernet Real-time approaches using the original bus-based Ethernet basically fall in three categories: token-based medium access control protocols, time slot-based protocols and statistical approaches. Time slots and token passing techniques are used by cooperating nodes for both: to avoid collisions and to obey the limit of bandwidth allocated to the participating nodes. Intuition indicates that the use of such techniques to avoid collisions limits the achievable utilization and increases the CPU load of the nodes much more than using more relaxed forms of cooperation that only control bandwidth allocation. Related research supports our intuition on the high cost for collision avoidance by node cooperation (see Section 5).Switched Ethernet is a star-based topology providing a private collision domain to each of the ports of a switch. Collisions do not occur, thus node cooperation is needed only for bandwidth control, not any more to avoid collisions. It was our starting assumption that with £ne grained traf£c shaping as only means of node cooperation, we should be able to achieve lower guaranteed delays and higher bandwidth utilization than time-slotted and tokenpassing approaches, even though Switched Ethernet does not support policing in the switches as for example in ATM switches.Although we heard rumors on the usage of Switched Ethernet in hard real-time applications that do not rely on pure time-driven technology (as for example in MARS [12]), we are not aware of any practical analysis.In this paper, we make an attempt to close that gap and to validate our assumption as stated previously. We show how commodity Switched Ethernet technology can be used for low-latency hard real-time communication, provided the right operating system support is available: In Section 2 we £rst adapt well-established scheduling theory to our needs. In Section 3 we show how the needed traf£c shaping can be practically done using the Dresden real-time operating system (DROPS) as a basis for experimentation. In Section 4 we present detailed measurements. Section 5 surveys other work in the area of rea...

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“…They also studied the effect of the background traffic packet size distribution and of the EF profile on the one-way delay probability function. Another example is the work report in [19]. The authors of [19] implement EF and AF using two queues, one for EF and one for AF, and using a simple variation of SCFQ .…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another example is the work report in [19]. The authors of [19] implement EF and AF using two queues, one for EF and one for AF, and using a simple variation of SCFQ . The rate guarantee was provided within that queue using buffer management where a stream is allocated an amount of buffer proportional to the fraction of the link band-width it is entitled to.…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A flexible soft DiffServ test-bed

Dwekat

Narasimhan²,

Viniotis

et al.

Proceedings. Eleventh International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks

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This paper reports on a teaching and research SLA test-bed that we have consgtructed using specially developed soft DiffServ routing nodes operating in a Linux environment. The test-bed, and the associated tools, is intended for various levels of study of SLA translation and mapping algorithms. It is instrumented to provide considerable insight into the DiffServ behavior. The software is more modular, flexible and easier to configure than the "standard" Linux DiffServ offerings. This paper presents the architecture of our system, and reports on the proof-of-concept experiments that show that it can be used to implement a general Services Level Agreement (SLA) solution and study related issues. Initial empirical studies involve implementation of some of the quality of service (QoS) related IETF drafts and RFCs in a five-node test-bed, including an implementation and empirical evaluation of Expedited Forwarding (EF) PHB, Assured Forwarding (AF) PHB, VirtualWire (VW) PDB, and of Assured Forwarding PDB.

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The cost of QoS support in edge devices an experimental study

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Evaluating the expedited forwarding of voice traffic in a differentiated services network

Evaluating the expedited forwarding of voice traffic in a differentiated services network

Low-latency hard real-time communication over switched ethernet

A flexible soft DiffServ test-bed

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