The cost of treatment and care for people living with HIV infection: implications of published studies, 1999–2008

Abstract

Great variation was observed in the methods used to estimate cost data across the studies identified, including range of services, patients covered and outcomes costed. Progress in the quantity and quality of studies published since 1999 has been limited. More consistent costing methods and more comprehensive coverage - both by country and level of care - are needed in order for policymakers and other stakeholders to be able to optimally monitor and evaluate the cost and cost-effectiveness of country services for HIV treatment and care, especially as population costs are likely to increase with more PLHIV on antiretroviral therapy.

Risk Factors Associated With Inpatient Hospital Utilization in HIV-Positive Individuals and Relationship to HIV Care Engagement

“…[6][7][8] Inpatient hospitalization for HIV disease complications is costly and avoidable. 5,9,10 Though inpatient costs have declined because highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) introduction, health care expenditure for people with low CD4 + Tcell counts is higher than persons of less disease severity. 5,11 There is little research examining relationships between HIV PCE and inpatient hospitalization.…”

Costs and cost-effectiveness analysis of 2015 GESIDA/Spanish AIDS National Plan recommended guidelines for initial antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected adults

“…In such context, guaranteeing the system's sustainability requires an efficient use of resources. 54,55 At the patient-physician level, the drug efficiency is an important characteristic of therapy but not necessary the most important driver when choosing an antiretroviral combination as initial therapy, because other features must be taken into consideration as efficacy, tolerability, safety, convenience, drug-drug interactions and resistance profile. So, the most efficient combination may not be the best one, or even may not be a "preferred" one, as it happens in this analysis.…”

Estimating the cost-effectiveness of nutrition supplementation for malnourished, HIV-infected adults starting antiretroviral therapy in a resource-constrained setting

“…Second, the HIV epidemic in Zambia was characterized by a high prevalence of advanced disease (i.e., AIDS) and an under-developed health system in the early stages of the rapid scale-up of ART services beginning in 2004, which may have had unique effects on both program costs and health effects. However, we also performed a sensitivity analysis around the base ART cost estimate using recent systematic reviews from the region [18-21]. …”

“…For this reason, we also conducted a sensitivity analysis incorporating cost estimates from recent systematic reviews of similar low income countries [20,21]. …”